KNOWLEDGE ABOUT STIGMA AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS CASE STUDY OF ISHAKA ADVENTIST HOSPITAL BUSHENYI-ISHAKA MUNICIPALITY- BUSHENYI DISTRICT BY NIWAMANYA AMON DCM/0031/143/DU A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN CLINCAL MEDICINEAND COMMUNITY HEALTH AT KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY WESTERN CAMPUS JULY 2017 DECLARATION I declare that this research dissertation is my own work and it has never been presented to any university or any other institution for any award or qualification whatsoever. Where the work of other people has been included, acknowledgement to this has been made in accordance to the text and preferences. This study has never been submitted before for either publication or award of any kind. NIWAMANYA AMON (DCM/0031/143/DU) SIGNATURE:………………………………………. DATE……………………………………………….. i APPROVAL This research dissertation has been produced under my close supervision and I therefore recommend the student for presentation. SUPERVISOR: TASHOBYA DANIEL KAMUGISHA SIGNATURE:…………………………………………….. DATE……………………………………………………… ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work first to the almighty God who has helped me through this far and also to my parents, Mr. Byamukama Patrick and Mrs. Mwebesa Loy for their endless support. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I highly acknowledge the almighty god whose strength and wisdom have helped me immeasurably towards completing this work. I would also like to acknowledge and appreciate the valuable contribution and support from my lecturer and supervisor Mr. Tashobya Daniel Kamugisha who has tirelessly guided me through my research. I am heavily indebted to my family who financially and psychologically made my studies possible. I would also like to thank all the staff of KIU-WC more especially those of the school of allied Health Sciences who equipped me with relevant knowledge and skills. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................ i APPROVAL .............................................................................................................................. ii DEDICATION .......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................x CHAPTER ONE: ........................................................................................................................1 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Problem statement .................................................................................................................2 1.2 Significance of study .............................................................................................................3 1.3 Objectives of the study ..........................................................................................................3 1.3.1 General Objective ...............................................................................................................3 1.3.2 Specific Objectives .............................................................................................................3 CHAPTER TWO: .......................................................................................................................4 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................4 CHAPTER THREE:....................................................................................................................7 METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................7 3.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................7 3.1 AREA OF STUDY................................................................................................................7 v 3.2 STUDY DESIGN ..................................................................................................................7 3.3 STUDY POPULATION ........................................................................................................7 3.4 SAMPLE SIZE .....................................................................................................................7 3.5 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS.............................................................................................8 3.6. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION .......................................................................8 3.7 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ...........................................................................................8 3.9 LIMITATIONS .....................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER FOUR: ......................................................................................................................9 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS ..............................................................................9 4.1 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ......................................................................................................9 4.1.1 AGE OF REPONDENTS ...................................................................................................9 4.1.2 OCCUPATION OF RESPONDENTS .............................................................................. 10 4.1.3 TRIBE OF RESPONDENTS ............................................................................................ 11 4.2 CAUSES OF STIGMA AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS .............................. 12 4.3 EFFECTS OF STIGMA ON PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AID ........................................ 13 CHAPTER FIVE: ..................................................................................................................... 14 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS .................................................................................................. 14 5.1 CAUSES OF STIGMA ....................................................................................................... 14 5.2 EFFECTS OF STIGMA ON PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ..................................... 14 6.1 CONCLUSSION ................................................................................................................. 15 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................... 15 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 16 vi APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................... 17 APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................................................ 17 APPENDIX II: BUDGET ......................................................................................................... 19 APPENDIX III: WORK PLAN ................................................................................................. 20 APPENDIX IV: MAP OF UGANDA........................................................................................ 21 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AIC - AIDS information center AIDS - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome CVU - Children Vision Uganda HIV - Human immune deficiency virus ICOBI- Integrated community based initiative TASO- The AIDS support organization UN - United Nations UNAIDS- United nations agency for international development VCT- Voluntary counseling and testing WHO - World health organization viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Age of Respondents……………………………………………………………………9 Table 2: 0ccupation of Respondents…………………………………………………………...10 Table 3: Tribe of Respondents …………………………………………………………………11 LIST OF FIGURES Fig 1: Causes of stigma ………………………………………………………………………12 Fig 2: Effects of stigma ……………………………………………………………………..13 ix ABSTRACT Topic: Knowledge about stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS case study of Ishaka Adventist Hospital in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality. General objective: to asses knowledge about stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS, Specific objectives: To asses the causes of stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS and to assess impact of stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS. Results: The main cause given for stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS is lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and acquisition of opportunistic infection. Poor drug adherence and loss of self-esteem are the main effects of stigma according to the respondents interviewed. This is apparent since depression due to the stigma can have such effects to people living with HIV/AIDS. Most of the respondents were of the opinion that stigma among people