NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-123 DEGRADATION OF CHEMICAL BIOCIDES WITH APPLICATION TO BALLAST WATER TREATMENT Peter F. Landrum1, Larissa Sano2, Mark A. Mapili2, E. Garcia2, Ann M. Krueger2, and Russell A. Moll3 1NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 2Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, GLERL/Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 3Michigan Sea Grant, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Ann Arbor, Michigan June 2003 UNITED STATES NATIONAL OCEANIC AND DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Donald Evans Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr. Secretary Administrator 1 NOTICE Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by the NOAA. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1271. This work was supported in part by grants from the Great Lakes Fishery Trust and the NOAA Ballast Water Technology Demonstration Program through the Coop- erative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan and under cooperative agreement (NA67RJ0148) from the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Diversified Nutri-Agi Technologies, Inc., Gainesville, GA supplied the Disinfekt 1000® as a gift. This publication is available as a PDF file and can be downloaded from GLERLʼs web site: www.glerl.noaa.gov. Hard copies can be requested from GLERL, Information Services, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105. [email protected]. 2 3 Table of Contents ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Chemicals and Analytical Methods ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Glutaraldehyde.............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.2 Disinfekt-1000® ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Sodium Hypochlorite .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Degradation Experiments......................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Water Sources................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.2 Glutaraldehyde.............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.3 Disinfekt-1000® ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.4 Sodium Hypochlorite .................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 9 3. RESULTS...................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Glutaraldehyde....................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Preliminary biodegradation experiments .................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 5oC degradation........................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.3 15o degradation............................................................................................................................ 10 3.1.4 25o degradation............................................................................................................................ 12 3.1.5 Temperature comparisons ........................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Disinfekt-1000® ............................................................................................................................ 13 3.3 Sodium Hypochlorite ..................................................................................................................... 14 4. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................... 14 5. REFERENCE................................................................................................................................................ 16 Figures Figure 1. Degradation rate of glutaraldehyde with and without addition of sludge mixture. Data are provided for 25oC (Fig. A) and for 4oC (Fig. B)................................................................... 18 Figure 2. Bacterial counts (A) and degradation (B) of glutaraldehyde at 25oC ................................................. 19 Figure 3. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under natural water-sediment conditions at 5oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 4. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under sterile water-sediment conditions at 5oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 21 2 3 Figure 5. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under natural water-only conditions at 15oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 22 Figure 6. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under sterile water-only conditions at 15oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 23 Figure 7. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under natural water-sediment conditions at 15oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 24 Figure 8. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under sterile water-sediment conditions at 15oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 9. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under natural water-only conditions at 25oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 10. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under sterile water-only conditions at 25oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 27 Figure 11. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under natural water-sediment conditions at 25oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 28 Figure 12. Degradation of glutaraldehyde under sterile water-sediment conditions at 25oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration ............................................................................................................................ 29 Figure 13. Degradation of glutaraldehyde in Disinfekt 1000‚ under natural water-only conditions at 25 oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration............................................................................................................ 30 Figure 14. Degradation of glutaraldehyde in Disinfekt 1000‚ under natural water-sediment conditions at 25oC. 500 mg L-1 initial concentration; 100 mg L-1 initial concentration; 10 mg L-1 initial concentration (prefiltered Huron River water and Gallup Park sediment in a ratio of 4:1.).... 31 Figure 15. Degradation of glutaraldehyde in Disinfekt 1000‚ under sterile water-only conditions