This is Public Health: A Canadian History A New Perspective on Public Health A New Perspective on Public Health . .8 .1 After .22 .years .of .expansion .in .Canada’s .health . services, .the .1970s .began .with .a .period .of . Environmental Concerns . 8 .3 consolidation, .rationalization .and .reduced . federal .funding .for .health .care . .Industrialized . Motor Vehicle Safety . 8 .4 countries .began .to .recognize .that .the .substantial . Physical Activity . 8 .4 declines .in .mortality .achieved .over .the .last .100 . years .were .largely .due .to .improvements .in .living . People with Disabilities . 8 .6 standards .rather .than .medical .advancements . This .brought .a .rethinking .of .health .systems . Chronic Disease . .8 .7 in .the .1970s .and .1980s, .initiating .a .period . A Stronger Stand . .8 .7 of .Canadian .innovation .and .leadership .in . new .approaches .to .health .promotion .with .an . The Lalonde Report . 8 .8 impact .both .at .home .and .abroad . .Concerns . about .the .environment, .chronic .diseases, .and . Expanding Interests . 8 .10 the .heavy .toll .of .motor .vehicle .collisions .were . growing, .as .were .new .marketing .approaches .to . Tobacco . 8 .12 deliver .the .“ounce .of .prevention” .message .to . Infectious Diseases . 8 .14 the .public . .Researchers .developed .systematic . methodologies .to .reduce .risk .factors .and .applied . A New Strain of Swine Flu . 8 .16 an .epidemiological .approach .to .health .promotion . by .defining .goals .and .specific .objectives .1 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) . 8 .17 At .the .beginning .of .the .1970s, .federal .and . Global Issues . 8 .19 provincial .governments .were still. .analyzing .the . Primary Health Care— 348 .recommendations of. .the .two-year .National . Task .Force .on .the .Cost .of .Health .Services, . Health for All by 2000 . .8 .20 which .was .set .up .by .the .federal .and .provincial . The New Public Health . 8 .21 ministers .of .health .in .1968 .to .consult .widely . Health Promotion: The Epp Report 1 . Lindsey .McKay, .“Making .the .Lalonde .Report,” .Towards .a . New .Perspective .on .Health .Project, .Canadian .Policy .Research . and the Ottawa Charter . 8 .21 Network, .Background .Paper, .October .2000, http://www. cprn .com/doc .cfm?doc=136&l=en; .H .L . .Laframboise, .“Health . Policy: .Breaking .the .Problem .Down .into .More .Manageable . Segments,” .Canadian Medical Association Journal .108 . (February .3, .1973): .388–93; .thecanadianencyclopedia .com 8.1 This is Public Health: A Canadian History of .resources, .but .only .Quebec .would .act .on . Jean Rochon integrating .health .and .social .services .delivery . Father of Community Health A .provincial .system .of .CLSCs .(Centres .local . in Quebec de .services .communautaires) .was .developed . between .1973 .and .1976 .with .an .emphasis .on . A .graduate .of .the .University .of .Montreal, . community .health .services .but .opposition .to . Laval .University .and .Harvard .University . this .move .by .the .medical .profession .discouraged . in .law, .medicine .and .public .health, .Dr . other .provinces .from .pursuing .this .approach .2 Jean .Rochon was. .known .by .many .as .the . “father .of .community .health .in .Quebec .” . By .the .mid-1970s, .Prime .Minister .Pierre .Trudeau . In .the .early .1970s, .he .served .as .advisor . initiated .wage .and .price .controls, .rising .oil . to .the .Castonguay .Commission .and .a . prices .slowed .economies .around .the .world, .while . member .of .the MacDonald. .Committee .that . inflation .and .unemployment .persisted . .Changes . led .to .the .creation .of .the .32 .community . to .the .Federal–Provincial Fiscal Arrangements health .departments .in .Quebec .in .1973 . and Established Programs Financing Act .were . He .served .as .chair .of .the .Commission .of . passed .in .1977, .shifting .from .shared-cost .funding . Inquiry .into .Health .and .Social .Services . to .block .funding .for .health .and .post-secondary . for .the .Government .of .Quebec, .which .laid . education, .with .increases .tied .to .growth .of .the . the .foundation .for .the .internationally- gross .national .product . .The .worst .recession . recognized .reform .initiatives . .Dr . .Rochon . since .the .Great .Depression .began .in .1982 .and . also .served .as .Director .of .Program . the .1984 .Canada Health Act confirmed .the . Management .of .the .World .Health . trend .of .reduced .federal .health .spending .and . Organization .and .subsequently .as .Director . the .need .to .re-think .ways .the .government .could . of .the .Health .Protection .and .Promotion . ensure .the .best .possible .health .and .well-being .for . Division .at .the .WHO .Head .Office .in .Geneva . Canadians . — CPHA Health Digest, .1994 with .health .departments, .academics .and .non- government .agencies, .including .CPHA . .The .task . force .suggested a. .number .of .ways .to .control . health .care .costs, .as .government .expenditures . were .projected .to .be $6. .2 .billion .in .1972, . Cigarettes: from .$1 .7 .billion .in .1957 . .The .Department .of . a dangerous trap National .Health .and .Welfare .commissioned .a . study .of .community .health .centres .by .health . administration .expert .Dr . .John .Hastings .of .the . University .of .Toronto, .which .recommended . “accessible .and .well-managed” .community . 2 . Canadian .Museum .of .Civilization, .“The .History .of .Health .Care . in .Canada, .1914–2007” .accessed .at .http://www .civilization . health .centres .for .more .efficient .delivery . ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/medicare/medic-6c04e .shtml CHAPTER 8: 1970–1986 8.2 This is Public Health: A Canadian History Environmental Concerns 1970s, .resulting .in .a . gradual .decrease .of . Environmental health. .was .a .growing .concern . toxic .substances .into . and .auto .emission .controls .and .the .phasing .in .of . the .air .from .cars .during . unleaded .gasoline .were .introduced .in .the .early . this .decade . .Acid .rain . was .described .by .the . International .Joint . John E.F. Hastings Committee .between . A Profound Impact on the Canada .and .the .United . Development of Community States .as .one .of .the . 1984 CPHA Health Digest, Health Services most .serious .problems . plaguing .North .America .in .1982, .while .depletion . Dr .John . E. F. .Hastings . had. a. distinguished. of .the .ozone .layer, .the .greenhouse .effect .from . career as. an. advocate. for. community. carbon .dioxide .in .the .atmosphere, .industrial .and . health services. and. as. a. leading. educator. agricultural waste,. urea-formaldehyde. insulation,. in community. health. .In . many. ways,. he. and .air .pollution .became .prominent .issues .in . continued the. public. health. legacy. of. his. Canada 3. great-uncle, Dr. .Charles . Hastings. (Toronto’s. Medical Officer. of. Health. from. 1910. to. CPHA’s membership. called. for. a. unified. effort. to. 1929) .John . Hastings. was. appointed. as. establish “realistic. standards. for. environmental. a lecturer. in. the. School. of. Hygiene. at. the. control” with. enforceable. regulations,. more. in-. University of. Toronto. in,. where. he. remained. depth environmental. research. programs. and. better. for the. next. 36. years. .In . 1965,. he. completed. information for. the. public. about. government. a report. for. the. Hall. Royal. Commission. environmental regulations. .The . Canadian. on Health. Services. with. recommendations. Journal of Public Health expanded. its. coverage. of. about the. organization. of. community. health. environmental issues,. such. as. lead. and. asbestos. services in. Canada. .Building . on. this. work,. contamination, DDT. and. pesticide. residues,. he produced. a. seminal. report. in. 1971–72,. and federal. risk. assessments. of. environmental. commissioned by. the. Conference. of. Health. health .CPHA . also. co-sponsored. the. First. National. Ministers .Dr . .Hastings . worked. on. national. Conference on. Recreational. Water. Quality. and. and international. projects. .He . was. the. Human Health. in. 1983. with. the. Health. Protection. founding Associate. Dean. of. the. Division. of. Branch of. the. Department. of. National. Health. Community Health. within. the. Faculty. of. and Welfare. and. subsequently. conducted. a. Medicine at. the. University. of. Toronto. and. comprehensive study. on. the. status. of. Great. Lakes. was instrumental. in. replacing. the. diploma. drinking water. for. the. federal. government. 4. programs in. community. health. areas. with. master’s degrees. 3 . http://www .thecanadianencyclopedia .com/index .cfm?PgNm= TCE&Params=a1ARTA0000409 — CPHA. Health Digest, .Vol . .16, .No . .3, . 4 . “CPHA’s .Comprehensive .Survey .of .the .Status .of .Great .Lakes . Autumn .1992 Drinking .Water .Makes .Headlines,” .CPHA Health Digest .10 . (November .1986) CHAPTER 8: 1970–1986 8.3 This is Public Health: A Canadian History Motor Vehicle Safety vehicle .design .with .remarkable .results . .More . than .6,000 .Canadians .were .dying .in .car .crashes . In .addition .to .the .impact .of .emissions, . every .year .in .the .1970s—a .rate .that .has .since . governments .began .regulating .to .improve .the . been .reduced .by .almost .50%, .even .though .there . safety .of .automobiles .The . .1971 .Motor Vehicle are .more .drivers .and .cars .on .the road. .today . .In . Safety Act, modelled .on .a .similar .American . 1976, Ontario. became. the. first. Canadian. province. act, .was .the .first .Canadian .legislation .aimed . to .make .the .use