DOCUMENT RESUME ED 332 166 CS 010 588 AUTHOR Costa, Arthur L., E. TITLE Developing Minds: A Resource Book for Teaching Thinking. Revised Edition, Volume 1. INSTITUTION Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, Va. REPORT NO ISBN-87120-180-1 PUB DATE 91 NOTE 411p.; For volume 2, see CS 010 589. For previous edition, see ED 262 968. AVAILABLE FROMAssociation for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1250 North Pitt St., Alexandria, VA 22314 (Stock No. 611-91026, $24.95). PUB TYPE Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Cognitive Processes; *Comprehension; Concept Formation; Creative Thinking; *Critical Thinking; Curriculum Design; Curriculum Development; Curriculum Evaluation; Decision Making; Developmental Stages; Elementary Secondary Education; *Problem Solving; *Program Descriptions; Teaching Methods; *Thinking Skills ABSTRACT This eight-part book contains 69 articles which address topics related to helping students become effective thinkers. The articles are organized under these categories:(1) the need to teach students to think; (2) creating school conditions for thinking; (3) what is thinking? deciding on definitions; (4) a curriculum for thinking; (5) thinking pervades the curriculum; (6) teaching for thinking; (7) teaching strategies; and (8) assessing growth in thinking abilities. The book lists other resources for teaching thinking (in nine appendixes) which include a glossary of cognitive terminology, observation forms, checklists, questionnaires, evaluation instruments, suggestions for getting started, and questions for system planners. (PRA) ***************************************************It******************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** A RESOURCE BOOK FOR TEACHING THINKING Revised Edition, Volume 1 Edited by Arthur L. Costa "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLY U S MPARTMENT OF EDUCATION HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Mice of Educational Research end Imunvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CE NTE R (ERIC) Thus document his been repro iced as received from the Person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Points of view or opinions staled in this docu ment do not necessarily represenI official BE T OERI position or policy P...xeloptpg 11111 A RESOURCE BOOK FOR TEACHING THINKING Revisk.d Edition, Volume 1 Edited by Arthur L. Costa 411111WILID Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development Alexandria, Virginia Cover Photos: Photos 3-5 Copyright C by SusiePkahugh. Copyright 1991 by the Association for Supervisk in and Currinilum ASCD publications present a variety of viewpoints. The views expressed or Development. All rights reserved. No pan of this publication may be implied in this publication are not necessarily official positions of the reproduced or transmitted in any form or hy any means, electronic or Associatkin. mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or ai ty infiirmation storage and Printed in the United States of America retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The contents of this publication may, however, he reproduced if they are in- Price: $24.95 ASCD St(wk No.: 611-91026 tended solely for nonprofit, educational use. ISBN:0-87120-180-1 library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Information: It( maid S. Brandt. EMU:Mile hditor Develiving mindsfedited by Arthur L. (: ).sta. Nancy Miximk, Managing MilO1 Hooks 11- cm. Julie Ih iutz, Senior Associate Rlitor Rev ed. of: Developing minds, 1985, published in one volume. Ginger Miller, Associate Editor Includes bibliiigraphical references and index. x l, 4ssockite Ca n Contents: NA. 1. A resource lxik for teaching thinkingv. Cole Tucker, Editorial Assistant 2. Bnigtams 6 r teaching thinking. Gary 13k x un. Manager. Design and Production .tieirici.s ISBN 0-4"120-180-1 (v. 11: $2,4.95---1AN 0-87120-181-X (v. 21: S10.95 Stephanie Kenworthy. Assistant Manager; Production Sen'ices I. Thought and thinkingStudy and teaching.2. ( :ognitk in in children. Keith Demmons, Graphic Designer IMIC90.3.1) i8 1991 Valerie Sprague, Desktop 7)pesetter 371.21178--dc20 91-3(169 CIP 11111111111111.1.111, Developing Minds A Resource Book for Teaching Thinking Acknowledgments Preface to the Revised Edition ix Introduction xi Part I. The Need to Teach Students to Thhik 1.Why Teach Thinking? A Statement of Rationale jay Mcnghe and Jan Scholknberger 2 2. Educational Outcomes for a K-12 Curriculum Svdelk Seiger-Ehrenberg 6 3. Thinking in Context: Teaching for Openmindedness and Critical Understanding Shelley Berman 10 4. Crossroads in American Education: A Summary of Findings from the Nation's Report Card 17 Arthur N. Applebee, Judith A. Langer, and Ina V. S. Mullis Part II. Creating School Conditions for Thinking 19 5. A Call for Staff Development James A. Bellanca 20 6. Effective Staff Development Practices for Higher-Order Thinking Joseph Onosko and Robert B. Stevensoit 27 7. Teaching For, Of, and About Thinking Arthur L. Cocta 8. The Principal's Role in Enhancing Thinking Skills Arthur I (bsta iS 9. Preparing Teachers to Teach Thinking David S. Martin i9 10.Parents' Influence on Their Children's Thinking Irving E. Sigel 43 11. The School as a Home for the Mind Arthur L. Cbsta 47 Part m. What Is Thinking? Deciding on Definitions 55 12. Thinking Skills: Meanings and Models Revisited Barbara Z. Presseisen 56 13. The Good Thinker Allan A. Glattborn and Jonathan Baron 63 14. Goals for a Critical Thinking Curriculum Robert H. Ennis 68 15. What Philosophy Offers to the Teaching of Thinking Barty K. Bever 72 16. Teaching Critical Thinking in the Strong Sense Richard W Paul 77 17. What Creative Thinking IsD. N. Perkins 85 18. Dimensions of Thinking: A Framework for Curriculum and Instruction 89 Roberti. Mamano, Ronald S. Brandt, Carolyn .cue Hughes, Beau Flyiones, Barbara Z. Presseisen. Stuart C. Rankin, and Charles Suhor 19. Dimensions of Learning: An Integrative Instructional Framework Roberti Mamano and Debral Pickering 20, The Search for Intelligent Life Arthur 1. Costa =azywyla III DEVELOPING MINDS: A RESOURCE BOOK FOR TEACHING THINKING Part IV. A Curriculum for Thinking 107 21, The Biological Basis for Thinking Lawrence F. Lowery 108 22. Cognitive Levels Matching and Curriculum AnalysisEsther Fusco 118 23. Staff Development for Critical Thinking: Lesson Plan Remodelling as the Strategy Richard W. Paul 124 24. How Our Brain Is Organized Along Three Planes to Process Complexity, Context, and Continuity 131 Robert Sy !wester 25. Toward a Model of Human Intellectual Functioning Arthur L. Costa 137 26. A "Grow as You Go" Thinking Skills Model Antoinette Worsham 141 Part V, Thinking Pervades the Curriculum 143 27. What's All the Fuss About Mathematical Problem Solving? Alan H. Schoenfeld 144 28. The Thinking/Writing Connection Carol Booth Olson 147 29. Reading and Thinking Beau FlyJones 153 30. Making Science Learning More Science-Like Bruce Wellman 159 31, Infusing Critical Thinking Into United States History Courses Kevin O'Reilly 164 32. The Role of the Arts in Cognition and CurriculumElliot W. Eisner 169 33. Aesthetics: Where Thinking Originates Arthur L. Costa 176 34. Infusing the Teaching of Critical Thinking into Content InstructionRoberti, Swartz 177 35. Why Embed Thinking Skills Instruction in Subject Matter Instruction? Richard S. Prawat 185 36.Critical Thinking as a Lived ActivityPatricia Copa, Francine Hultgren, and Joan Wilkosz 188 Part VI. Teaching for Thinking 193 37. Teacher Behaviors That Enable Student Thinking Arthur L. Costa 194 38. Reflective Teaching for Thoughtfulness John Barell 207 39. Mediating the Metacognitive Arthur L. Costa 211 40. Teaching for Transfer D. N. Perkins and Gavriel Salomon 215 41. Graphic Organizers: Frames for Teaching Patterns of Thinking John H. Clarke 224 41 The Thinking Log: The Inking of Our Thinking Robin Fogarty 232 43. Cueing Thinking in the Classroom: The Promise of Theory-Embedded Tools 243 Jay McTighe and Frank T Lyman, Jr. 44. Teaching the Language of Thinking Arthur L. Costa and Robert Marzano 251 45. A Strategy to Support Metacognitive Processing Gwen Fountain and listher hisco 255 46. Learning Dramas: An Alternative Curricular Approach to Using Computers with At-Risk Students 259 Stanley Pogrow 47. Expanding the Range, Dividing the Task: Educating the Human 13rain in an Electronic Society 266 Robert Sylwester Part VII. Teaching Strategies 273 48.Practical Strategies for the Direct Teaching of Thinking SkillsBarry K. Beyer 274 49. Dialogical and Dialectical Thinking Richard W. Paul 280 50. Concept Development Sydelle Seiger-Ehrenbog 290 51. Creativity by Design D. N. Perkins 295 111111111111, iv CONTENTS 52. Collaboration and Cognition David W. Johnson and Roger T Johnson 298 53. The Inquiry Strategy Arthur L. Costa 302 54. Making Connections: Toward a Unifying Instructional Framework 304 Jay McTighe and Rochelle Clemson Part VIII. Assessing Growth in Thinking Abilities 312 55.California: The State of Assessment RohetiL Andercon 314 56. Thinking: How Do We Know Students Are Getting Better at It?Arthur L. Costa 326 57.Evaluation: A Challenge to Our Critical Thinking Bena Kallick 334 58. Needed: Better Methods of Testing Higher-Order Thinking Skills Edys S. Quellmalz 338 59. Teaching to the (Authentic) Test Grant Wiggins 344 60.Portfolio Assessment: