PROTECTING U.S. AND GUEST WORKERS: THE RECRUITMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OF TEMPORARY FOREIGN LABOR HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION HEARING HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC, JUNE 7, 2007 Serial No. 110–45 Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and Labor ( Available on the Internet: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/house/education/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 35–665 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 17:25 Mar 13, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-45\35665.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR GEORGE MILLER, California, Chairman Dale E. Kildee, Michigan, Vice Chairman Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon, California, Donald M. Payne, New Jersey Ranking Minority Member Robert E. Andrews, New Jersey Thomas E. Petri, Wisconsin Robert C. ‘‘Bobby’’ Scott, Virginia Peter Hoekstra, Michigan Lynn C. Woolsey, California Michael N. Castle, Delaware Rube´n Hinojosa, Texas Mark E. Souder, Indiana Carolyn McCarthy, New York Vernon J. Ehlers, Michigan John F. Tierney, Massachusetts Judy Biggert, Illinois Dennis J. Kucinich, Ohio Todd Russell Platts, Pennsylvania David Wu, Oregon Ric Keller, Florida Rush D. Holt, New Jersey Joe Wilson, South Carolina Susan A. Davis, California John Kline, Minnesota Danny K. Davis, Illinois Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Washington Rau´ l M. Grijalva, Arizona Kenny Marchant, Texas Timothy H. Bishop, New York Tom Price, Georgia Linda T. Sa´nchez, California Luis G. Fortun˜ o, Puerto Rico John P. Sarbanes, Maryland Charles W. Boustany, Jr., Louisiana Joe Sestak, Pennsylvania Virginia Foxx, North Carolina David Loebsack, Iowa John R. ‘‘Randy’’ Kuhl, Jr., New York Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Rob Bishop, Utah Jason Altmire, Pennsylvania David Davis, Tennessee John A. Yarmuth, Kentucky Timothy Walberg, Michigan Phil Hare, Illinois Dean Heller, Nevada Yvette D. Clarke, New York Joe Courtney, Connecticut Carol Shea-Porter, New Hampshire Mark Zuckerman, Staff Director Vic Klatt, Minority Staff Director (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 17:25 Mar 13, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-45\35665.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK CONTENTS Page Hearing held on June 7, 2007 ................................................................................. 1 Statement of Members: Altmire, Hon. Jason, a Representative in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, prepared statement of .......................................................... 48 Bishop, Hon. Timothy H., a Representative in Congress from the State of New York, question for the record .......................................................... 59 McKeon, Hon. Howard P. ‘‘Buck,’’ Senior Republican Member, Committee on Education and Labor ............................................................................... 4 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 6 Miller, Hon. George, Chairman, Committee on Education and Labor ......... 1 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 3 Prepared statement of Michael Dale, Northwest Workers’ Justice Project, and Laura K. Abel, Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law ......................................................................................... 70 Statement of Witnesses: Bauer, Mary, director, Immigrant Justice Project, Southern Poverty Law Center ............................................................................................................ 10 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 11 Access to report, ‘‘Close to Slavery’’ ......................................................... 69 Holt, Dr. James S., president and principal, James S. Holt & Co., LLC ..... 16 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 18 Hiatt, Jonathan P., general counsel, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO), prepared statement of ..................................................................................................................... 49 Marshall, Ray, former U.S. Secretary of Labor, president emeritus, LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas ............................................. 8 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 9 Response to question from Mr. Bishop .................................................... 59 ‘‘Getting Immigration Reform Right’’ ...................................................... 60 Velasquez, Baldemar, founder and president, Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC) ........................................................................................ 22 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 23 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 17:25 Mar 13, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-45\35665.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK VerDate 0ct 09 2002 17:25 Mar 13, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-45\35665.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK PROTECTING U.S. AND GUEST WORKERS: THE RECRUITMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OF TEMPORARY FOREIGN LABOR Thursday, June 7, 2007 U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor Washington, DC The committee met, pursuant to call, at 10:30 a.m., in Room 2175, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. George Miller [chair- man of the committee] presiding. Present: Representatives Miller, Woolsey, McCarthy, Wu, Holt, Davis of California, Bishop of New York, Sanchez, Sarbanes, Hirono, Yarmuth, Hare, Clarke, Courtney, Shea-Porter, McKeon, Petri, Platts, Wilson, Boustany, Foxx, Davis of Tennessee, and Walberg. Also Present: Representative Kaptur. Staff Present: Aaron Albright, Press Secretary; Tylease Alli, Hearing Clerk; Jordan Barab, Health Safety Professional; Jody Calemine, Labor Policy Deputy Director; Fran-Victoria Cox, Docu- ments Clerk; Lynn Dondis, Policy Advisor for Subcommittee on Workforce Protections; Carlos Fenwick, Policy Advisor for Sub- committee on Health, Employment, Labor and Pensions; Jeffrey Hancuff, Staff Assistant, Labor; Brian Kennedy, General Counsel; Thomas Kiley, Communications Director; Joe Novotny, Chief Clerk; Alex Nock, Deputy Staff Director; Megan O’Reilly, Labor Policy Ad- visor; Michele Varnhagen, Labor Policy Director; Michael Zola, Chief Investigative Counsel, Oversight; Mark Zuckerman, Staff Di- rector; Robert Borden, Minority General Counsel; Steve Forde, Mi- nority Communications Director; Rob Gregg, Minority Legislative Assistant; Richard Hoar, Minority Professional Staff Member; Vic- tor Klatt, Minority Staff Director; Jim Paretti, Minority Workforce Policy Counsel; Molly McLaughlin Salmi, Minority Deputy Director of Workforce Policy; Linda Stevens, Minority Chief Clerk/Assistant to the General Counsel; Loren Sweatt, Minority Professional Staff Member; and Cameron Coursen, Minority Assistant. Chairman MILLER. The Committee on Education and Labor will come to order for the purposes of holding a hearing this morning on Protecting U.S. and Guest Workers: The Recruitment and Em- ployment of Temporary Foreign Labor, and I want to thank our witnesses who are here today, and I am going to begin with an opening statement and then recognize Mr. McKeon. (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 17:25 Mar 13, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 G:\DOCS\110TH\FC\110-45\35665.TXT HBUD1 PsN: DICK 2 Welcome to today’s hearing on the recruitment and employment of temporary foreign labor. Hundreds of thousands of guest workers come to the United States each year under existing programs, and immigration legislation now pending in the Congress would further expand these sources of temporary foreign labor. As a country and a Congress, the debate is to reform our Nation’s immigration sys- tem. It is critical that we pay particular attention to the treatment of guest workers and how well our current guest worker programs work. Examining guest worker programs and proposals for new programs raises a lot of questions. One question is whether or not and to what extent temporary foreign labor is actually needed. That is, are we accurately meas- uring our labor needs? Are U.S. workers truly unavailable to fill the jobs? Is temporary foreign labor the right way to fill those needs? Another question is this: If we have a new guest worker pro- gram, do those programs include adequate protections for both guest workers and U.S. workers? While they are in this country, guest workers should receive basic labor protections and adequate legal safeguards. Denying or failing to enforce basic rights for guest workers who are here is harmful both to U.S. workers and to the overall U.S. economy. Yet, as we have seen in various reports and news accounts, our current guest worker programs are sorely lacking in meaningful labor pro- tections. Problems with these programs occur from the very start of the process. In foreign countries, where guest workers are first recruited in exchange for thousands of dollars in fees, unscrupulous labor recruiters lure workers to the United States by promising them good jobs and a better life. Many