JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE VOL. LII. JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF @'ht iitt11ria Jnstitut~, OR, Jgilosopbirnl jotid~ of ®rrnt ~ritain. VOL. LII. LONDON: (tauflliGt)rb tiu tbe :l!nstitutr, 1, ([mtral 3SutUJings, eimestmin.ster, .;-.~. 1.) ALL BIGHTS HESERVED. 1920. LONDON: HARRISON AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO ms MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN'S LANE. PREF ACE. --0-- HE after-pressure of the War has by no means ceased, and T in several cases has acted prejudicially in depriving us of some of our supporters, who have found themselves unable to pay the subscription, which is still on a pre-war footing. One cannot, however, review the year 1920 without feeling very thankful for what our Society has accomplished. While deeply conscious that the Victoria Institute is too little known and does not fully occupy the position it should hold among the learned Societies of this Country, we feel it is steadily doing a work that no other Body attempts. The general upheaval in Europe has resulted in a tidal-wave of deep unrest flooding all the country, and many things that we thought impregnable are being seriously shaken-among which the foundations of our religious faith have not escaped. Here then is the -moment when this Philosophic Institute can prove its value in a special way, by standing as a well-reasoned and firm bulwark against the present chaos of unbelief. Philosophy, and above all Christian philosophy, can do much that is beyond the province of mere Science ; and we warmly welcome the help of all Christian Philosophers in the cause we have so much at heart-the re-settlement of the great truths of our Christian faith, on an intelligent basis in the hearts of our countrymen. Nothing less than this lofty purpose animates the actions of our Council ; and when this work can be associated with true scientific knowledge, the combination is invaluable. We feel that the aim of the Institute only requires to be better known to command the support of all Christian men of Science, and we look forward hopefully to adding many such to our ranks in the coming year. Turning to what has been done during the past session, we see that our main object has been kept steadily in view, in such Papers as vi PREFACE. the "Silences of Scripture," by the Rev. A. H. Finn, the "Meaning of the .,Esthetic Impulse," by the Rev. Stewart A. McDowall, and "Freedom and Discipline," by the Very Rev. Dean Inge. Archreo­ logy in its various branches has been well represented by Dr. Masterman's paper on the "Walls of Jerusalem," the Rev. J. E. H. Thomson on the "Samaritan Pentateuch," "Babylon in the Days of Nebuchadrezzar," by Theophilus G. Pinches, of the British Museum, " Monumental Art in Early England, Caledonia and Ireland," by the Rt. Rev. Bishop G. Forrest Browne, and by the beautifully illustrated lecture by Mr. Arthur Sutton on the " Ruined Cities of Palestine." With regard to the future we look forward to Papers of special value at the present moment; such as "The Psychology of Man," by Dr. Anderson-Berry, "Prophecy," by Lieut.-Col. Molony, "Public School Education," by the Head Master of Westminster School, and the "Tri-partite Nature of Man," by the Rev. Gosset­ Tanner. Other papers on "Empire," by Bishop Ingham, "Motherhood," by Dr. Amand Routh, "Fetichism," by W. Hoste, and Canon Parfit's lecture on Mesopotamia all promise to be of great interest. The large average audiences of last year are a distinct encourage­ ment, and also the considerable accession of new Members and Associates. The Institute is greatly indebted to the distinguished readers of the Papers of the past and coming years, who have and will give the results of their original research and scientific and religious studies at a time when sound teaching is so much required. This brief review would be quite incomplete if no mention were made of the fresh effort the Institute has put forth to meet the needs of the times in a series of " Tracts for New Times," selected and arranged for Papers, read before the Institute by writers of authority. They are as follows :-(1) "The Problem of Nature," the Rev. G. F. Whidborne, M.A., F.G.S. ; (2) "Modern Conceptions of the Universe," G. F. C. Searle, M.A., F.R.S. ; (3) " The First Chapter of Genesis," E. W. Maunder, F.R.A.S. ; (4) "Creation or Evolution," :Walter Kidd, M.D., F.Z.S. ; (5) "The Bearing of Archreological and Historical Research upon the New Testament," the Rev. Parke P. Flournoy, D.D. ; (6) "Indications of a Scheme in the Universe," Canon Girdlestone, M.A., and " Luminaries and PREFACE. vii Life in Connection with the Genesis Account of Creation," the Rev. A. Irving, D.Sc., B.A. In conclusion, we look forward with confidence to a large accession to our Members, as the important work of the Victoria Institute becomes better known. ALFRED T. SCHOFIELD, Editor. CONTENTS. ----- PAGE PREFACE V REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 1919 1 CASH STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR 1919 . • 7 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD ON MONDAY, MARCH 15TH, 1920, LIEUT.-COLONEL G. MACKINLAY IN THE CHAIR 8 THE RUINED CITIES OF PALESTINE, EAST AND WEST OF THE JORDAN. BY ARTHUR w. SUTTON, EsQ., J.P., F.L.S. ( With 4 plates) .•. 1 11 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE FEMALE MIND. BY ALFRED T. SCHOFIELD, EsQ., M.D. 27 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Miss C. L. Maynard, Prof. H. Langhorne Orchard, M.A., B.Sc., Dr. D. Anderson-Berry 39 INDIA. BY Sm ANDREW WINGATE, K.C.I.E. 49 Discussion.-Remarks by Mr. E. J. Sewell, Mr. C. E. Buckland, C.I.E., the Rev. Dr. Kilgour, Major-General Sir George K. Scott-Moncrieff, K.C.I.E., Mrs. A. C. Bill 67 THE SILENCES OF SCRIPTURE. BY THE REV. A. H. FINN 74 Discussion.-Remarks by Lieut.-Colonel G. Mackinlay, Mr. T. B. Bishop, the Rev. A. Craig Robinson, M.A., the Rev. Chancellor Lias, M.A., Dr. D. Anderson-Berry, Mr. W. Hoste, B.A. 90 SIMILE AND METAPHOR IN THE FOURTH GOSPEL. BY THE REV. PROFESSOR A. s. GEDEN, M.A., D.D. 99 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, the Rev. Preben­ dary H. E. Fox, M.A., Lieut.-Colonel G. Mackinlay, the Rev. Dr. J. Agar Beet, Lieut.-Colonel M. A. Alves, Mr. Theodore Roberts, Mr. M. L. Rouse, Mr. W. Hoste, Dr. A. Withers Green 111 THEWALLS OF JERUSALEM AT VARIOUS PERIODS. BY ERNEST W. G. MASTERMAN, EsQ., M.D., F.R.C.S. ..• 124 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Prof. Beresford Pite, M.A., F.R.I.B.A., Mr. M. L:1Rouse, Dr. A. T. Schofield 137 ll X CONTENTS OF VOL. LII. PAGE THE PENTATEUCH OF THE SAMARITANS : WHEN THEY GOT IT, AND WHENCE. BY THE REV. J. E. H. THOMSON, M.A., D.D. 142 Discussion.-Mr. Theodore Roberts, Mr. J. 0. Corrie, B.A., F.R.A.S., the Rev. Dr. M. Gaster, Dr. T. G. Pinches, M.R.A.S., Mr. M. L. Rouse 158 Communications from Mr. Harold M. Wiener, the Rev. Prof. A. S. Geden, M.A., D.D., the Rev. ChancellorLias,M.A., the Rev. A. H. Finn 165 A SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE 177 BABYLON IN THE DAYS OF NEBUCHADREZZAR. BY THEOPHILUS G. PINCHES, EsQ., LL.D., M.R.A.S. 178 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Dr. A. T. Schofield, Mr. M. L. Rouse, the Rev. Dr. J. Agar Beet, the Rt. Rev. Bishop G. Forrest Browne, D.D., Mr. Theodore Roberts 200 MONUMENTAL ART IN EARLY ENGLAND, CALEDONIA AND IRELAND. BY THE RT. REV. BISHOP G. FORREST BROWNE, D.D. 209 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Mr. Gilbert R. Redgrave, Ass. Inst. C.E., Mr. M. L. Rouse, Dr. A. T. Schofield, Mr. James Gray... 212 THE MEANING OF THE iEsTHETIC brPl'L~E. BY THE REV. STEWART A. MCDOWALL, M.A., B.D. .. .. 219 Discussion.-Remarks by the Chairman, Dr. A. T. Schofield, the Rev. J. J. B. Coles, M.A., Lieut.-Colonel G. Mackinlay, Mr. W. E. Leslie, Mr. W. Hoste, the Rev. H. J. R. Marston, M.A., the Rev. J. E. H. Thomson, M.A., D.D., Prof. H. Langhorne Orchard, M.A., B.Sc. 232 ANNUAL ADDRESS: FREEDOM AND DISCIPLINE. BY THE VERY REV. w. R. INGE, D.D., DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S 244 LIST OF MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES 263 VICTORIA INSTITUTE. REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 1919. READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, MARCH 1ST, 1920. 1. Progress of the Institute. In presenting to the Members of the Victoria Institute the Fifty-first Annual Report, the Council desire to acknowledge the good hand of God in carrying the Institute through another year. They are thankful to note that with the cessation of hostilities and the subsequent signing of the peace treaty fresh interest in the work of the Institute has been aroused, as shown by increased attendances at the meetings. The work of reconstruction, however, is everywhere slow. The past year has been one of great unsettlement. The exaggerated hopes of a " new earth " held out by politicians, as the immediate results of peace, have not been realized. All now recognize that a permanent advance can only be realized by a united effort to economize and produce more on behalf of the community in general. We trust that this same spirit of united effort and concentrated interest may be found among the Members of the Institute. The high standard of the papers of previous years has been well maintained and the best thanks of the Council are due to those who at no small expense of time and trouble have thus contributed to the usefulness of the Institute.