Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 42285 June 2014 Kingdom of Cambodia: Integrated Urban Environmental Management in the Tonle Sap Basin (Financed by the Technical Assistance Special Fund) Prepared by ICF-GHK, United Kingdom, TanCons Co., Ltd., Cambodia, and Key Consultants, Cambodia For the Ministry of Public Works and Transport This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. Integrated Environmental Management in the Tonle Sap Basin ADB TA 7986 CAM Ministry of Public Works and Transport, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Final Report Volume 6 Poverty and Social Analysis June 2014 KEY CONSULTANTS (CAMBODIA) Integrated Urban Environmental Management in the Tonle Sap Basin Poverty and Social Analysis Final Report June 2014 Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose and Scope of the Report ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Project ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Link with Country Partner Strategy and Country Poverty Reduction Strategy .......................................... 1 1.3 The Project Area and Towns ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Project Sub-Projects ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Methodology for the Social Impact Assessment .............................................................................................. 5 1.5.1 Socioeconomic Survey (SES) .................................................................................................................. 6 1.5.2 Participatory Methods ............................................................................................................................... 6 2 Socioeconomic Trends in Cambodia and the Project Areas ............................................................................ 1 2.1 Cambodia ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 2.1.1 Poverty In Cambodia ................................................................................................................................ 1 2.1.2 Gender Issues (Cambodia) ...................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples ................................................................................................ 5 2.2 The Project Areas ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2.1 Poverty in the Tonle Sap Region .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2 Sources of Livelihood in the Tonle Sap Region ........................................................................................ 7 2.2.3 Kampong Chhnang Province ................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.4 Pursat Province ........................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2.5 Trends at the Municipal Level ................................................................................................................ 12 3 Social Impact Analysis: Kampong Chhnang .................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Socioeconomic Profile ................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 Population and Household Size ............................................................................................................. 13 3.1.2 Gender ................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.3 Ethnicity .................................................................................................................................................. 14 3.1.4 Age Distribution ...................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.5 Education ............................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1.6 Economic Activities, Income and Expenditure ........................................................................................ 18 3.1.7 Housing and Tenure ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.8 Flooding, Drainage, Water and Sanitation .............................................................................................. 22 3.1.9 Solid Waste Management ...................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Expected Social Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1 Flood Protection Infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 27 3.2.2 Improved Solid Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 28 3.2.3 Impacts on Women and Vulnerable Groups ........................................................................................... 29 3.3 Social Safeguards ......................................................................................................................................... 32 3.3.1 Involuntary Resettlement ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.3.2 Indigenous Peoples ................................................................................................................................ 35 4 Social Impact Analysis: Pursat ................................................................................ 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Bookmark not defined. 4.1 Socioeconomic Profile ................................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.1 Population and Household Size ............................................................................................................. 35 4.1.2 Gender ................................................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.3 Ethnicity .................................................................................................................................................. 37 4.1.4 Age Distribution ...................................................................................................................................... 37 4.1.5 Education ............................................................................................................................................... 38 4.1.6 Economic Activities, Income and Expenditure ........................................................................................ 40 4.1.7 Housing and Tenure ............................................................................................................................... 41 4.1.8 Flooding, Drainage, Water and Sanitation .............................................................................................. 42 4.1.9 Solid Waste Management ...................................................................................................................... 44 4.2 Expected Social Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 46 4.2.1 Flood Protection Infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 46 4.2.2 Improved Solid Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 47 4.2.3 Impacts on Women and Vulnerable Groups ........................................................................................... 48 4.3 Social Safeguards ......................................................................................................................................... 49 4.3.1 Involuntary Resettlement ........................................................................................................................ 49 4.3.2 Indigenous Peoples ...............................................................................................................................