·•·· ~ Save the ' ICRWINTERNATIONAL CENTER \aI Children. FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN PASSION. PROOF. POWER. A PARTICIPATORY GENDER ANALYSIS For identifying discriminatory household and community norms and practices preventing young women from participating equally in agriculture in Kasese and Ntoroko districts of Western Uganda FINAL REPORT-FEBRUARY 2020 IDRC I CRDI I ntematfami D!!W!lopment Research Cen~re Cen~re d'e reaherclles pour le developpement fntematfona Cana d .•.a List of Acronyms and Abbreviations DCDO: District Community Development Officers CDO: Community Development Officer FGD: Focus Group Discussions GA: Gender Assessment ICF: Informed Consent Form ICRW: International Center for Research on Women IDRC: International Development Research Center IRB: Institutional Review Board KII: Key Informant Interviews LC: Local Council MUREC: Mildmay Uganda Research Ethics Committee OWC: Operation Wealth Creation SBCC: Social behavior change communication SC: Save the Children SCDO: Sub County Community Development Officers. UNCST: Uganda National Council of Science and Technology YiA: Youth in Action YiA+: Youth in Action Plus YLP: Youth Livelihoods Program Page | 1 Table of Contents List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................... 1 Executive summary……. ............................................................................................................ 5 Introduction…………… ........................................................................................................... 5 Key findings………….. ............................................................................................................ 8 Conclusions………….. ...........................................................................................................22 Recommendations…… .........................................................................................................24 1 Introduction…………… ..........................................................................................................27 1.1 Project overview… ...........................................................................................................27 1.2 Background and significance ...........................................................................................30 1.3 Purpose the gender analysis ...........................................................................................32 1.4 Study purpose, objectives and research questions ..........................................................32 2. Study design and methodology .............................................................................................34 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................34 2.2 Sampling of districts and study sites ................................................................................35 2.3 Participant selection and consenting procedures .............................................................35 2.4 Data collection methods and instruments ........................................................................37 3. Qualitative research design ...................................................................................................40 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................40 3.2 Qualitative analysis and developing a coding framework .................................................40 3.3 Applying the analytical framework ...................................................................................41 3.4 Approach to data collection, management, protection and ethical considerations ............42 3. Findings………………. ..........................................................................................................44 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................44 4.2 School challenges for young people ................................................................................44 4.3 School challenges faced by girls ......................................................................................48 4.4 Experiences of violence by women and girls ...................................................................52 4.5 School challenges faced by boys .....................................................................................54 4. Division of labour, use of time, practices and participation ....................................................56 4.1 Introduction………. ..........................................................................................................56 4.2 Gendered division of labour .............................................................................................56 4.3 Perceived roles of girls and boys in households and communities ...................................60 4.4 Factors that influence and impact gendered roles ............................................................63 5. Sources of livelihoods and access to productive resources ...................................................64 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................64 5.2 Sources of livelihoods for households ..............................................................................64 5.3 Livelihood sources for women and girls ...........................................................................65 5.4 Sources of livelihoods for boys ........................................................................................66 5.5 Preferred livelihood activities for girls and boys ...............................................................67 5.6 Information sources for IGA activities for boys and girls ...................................................68 6. Decision making and participation .........................................................................................68 6.1 Introduction………. ..........................................................................................................68 6.2 Decision making for girls and women ..............................................................................69 6.3 Decision making for boys and men ..................................................................................70 6.4 Decision making and participation in livelihood activities .................................................71 7. Actual and perceived benefits and barriers to girls’ participation in livelihoods training ..........72 7.1 Introduction………. ..........................................................................................................72 7.2 Barrier to girls’ participation in livelihoods training ............................................................73 8. Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................................75 8.1 Conclusions……… ..........................................................................................................75 8.2 Recommendations ...........................................................................................................77 8.2.1 Gendered roles and responsibilities…………………………………………… ..................77 Page | 2 8.2.2 Decision making and participation ................................................................................79 8.2.3 Violence against women and girls .................................................................................79 8.2.4 Skills development for vulnerable girls and sustainable livelihoods ...............................80 Annexes…………………. ..........................................................................................................81 Annex A: Research Question Matrix ......................................................................................81 Annex B: Nvivo Codebook .....................................................................................................82 Annex C: Research Ethical Clearance ...................................................................................86 Annex D: Youth in Action map area .......................................................................................87 Page | 3 List of figures Figure 1: Youth in Action Model that guided project implementation .........................................28 Figure 2: YiA+ gender analysis framework ................................................................................42 List of tables Table 1:Sampled YiA+ districts and sub counties ......................................................................35 Table 2: Overview of research techniques, purpose and relevant instruments ..........................38 Table 3: Daily activities for girls and boys ..................................................................................56 Table 4: Perceived role of girls and boys...................................................................................61 Page | 4 1. Executive summary 1.1 Introduction Since February 2019, the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) in partnership with Save the Children (SC) are implementing a two years’ project entitled “Measuring the Impact of Gender Equality Innovations for Transformative Youth Agricultural Livelihoods in Ntoroko and Kasese districts” with (IDRC, Canada). Building