Commonwealth of Massachusetts Central Artery (I-93)/ Tunnel (I-90) Project Operating Certification of the Project Ventilation System Supplemental Application Technical Support Document Final Report August 1, 2012 Prepared For Massachusetts Department of Transportation by TRC/Parsons Brinkerhoff 2012 Supplemental Application to 2011 CA/T Renewal Operating Certification of the Tunnel Ventilation System Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 PART I – VENTILATION SYSTEM – OPERATION AND EMISSION LIMITS ......................... 1–1 1 Description of Central Artery/Tunnel Project Ventilation Systems ............................................ 1–1 1.1 Ventilation System Design Criteria ........................................................................................................ 1–1 1.1.1 Full-Transverse Ventilation ........................................................................................................................... 1–3 1.1.1.1 System Description .................................................................................................................................. 1–3 1.1.2 Longitudinal Ventilation ............................................................................................................................. 1–12 1.1.2.1 Dewey Square Tunnel ............................................................................................................................ 1–12 1.1.2.2 Exit Ramps with Fresh-Air Supply and/or Jet Fan Ventilation .............................................................. 1–12 1.2 Feasible Emission Control Technologies ............................................................................................. 1–20 1.3 Tunnel Operating Conditions ............................................................................................................... 1–21 1.3.1 During Non emergency Operations ............................................................................................................. 1–21 1.3.2 During Emergencies .................................................................................................................................... 1–21 1.4 Ventilation System Physical Properties ................................................................................................ 1–21 1.4.1 Ventilation Building Dimensions and Ventilation Capacities ..................................................................... 1–22 1.4.2 Longitudinally Ventilated Tunnels Dimensions and Ventilation Capacities ............................................... 1–23 2 Determination of Emission Limits ............................................................................................. 2–26 2.1 Project Preconstruction Certification Acceptance Record ................................................................... 2–26 2.2 MassDEP Regulatory Requirements for Operating Certifications ....................................................... 2–28 2.3 Acceptance of Concentration–Based Emission Limits ......................................................................... 2–29 2.4 Acceptance of emission Limits Established in 2006 Application .......................................................... 2–29 2.5 2011 Renewal of Certification Process ................................................................................................ 2–30 2.5.1 PM2.5 Limits ................................................................................................................................................ 2–30 2.5.2 VOC Compliance ........................................................................................................................................ 2–30 2.5.3 Revised CO and NO2 Limits and Need for Supplemental Application ....................................................... 2–31 2.5.4 Dewey Square Tunnel Monitoring Program................................................................................................ 2–31 2.6 Technical Approach .............................................................................................................................. 2–33 2.6.1 Relevant Pollutants ...................................................................................................................................... 2–33 2.6.2 Averaging Times for Emission Limits for CO, NOx, and PM2.5 .................................................................. 2–33 2.6.3 Predictive Model for NOx Emission Estimates ........................................................................................... 2–33 2.6.4 NO to NO2 Conversion ............................................................................................................................... 2–35 2.6.5 Representative Surface and Upper Air Meteorological Data ....................................................................... 2–37 2.6.6 Attainment Status of Project Area ............................................................................................................... 2–37 2.6.7 Background Concentration Levels .............................................................................................................. 2–37 2.6.8 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) .......................................................................................................... 2–41 2.7 Emission Limit Determination .............................................................................................................. 2–42 2.7.1 For Full Transverse Ventilation—Ventilation Buildings ............................................................................ 2–42 2.7.1.1 Determination of Ventilation Building Emission Impacts ..................................................................... 2–42 2.7.1.2 Modeling Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 2–43 2.7.1.3 PM2.5 Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 2–52 2.7.1.4 CO and NO2 Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 2–54 2.7.1.5 CO and NOx Input Parameters and Modeling Results ........................................................................... 2–55 2.7.2 For Longitudinal Ventilation – Exit Ramps and DST .................................................................................. 2-60 2.7.2.1 Modeling Procedures to Determine the Impact of Exit Portal Emissions ............................................... 2-60 2.7.2.2 Use of Physical Simulation Data ............................................................................................................. 2-73 2.7.2.3 CO Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 2-73 2.7.2.4 NO2 Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 2-77 2.7.3 VOC Emission Limit Determination ............................................................................................................ 2-86 2.7.3.1 Travel Demand Model ............................................................................................................................ 2-86 2.7.3.2 Procedures for Highway Network VOC Analysis ................................................................................... 2-89 2.7.3.3 Procedure for Off-Model VOC Analysis ................................................................................................ 2-91 2.7.4 VOC Analysis Results .................................................................................................................................. 2-91 2.8 Proposed Operating Emission Limits ................................................................................................... 2-93 i 2012 Operating Re-Certification CA/T Project: Technical Support Document 2.8.1 CO, NOx and PM2.5 ...................................................................................................................................... 2-93 2.8.2 VOC ............................................................................................................................................................. 2-94 2.9 Operating Certification criteria ........................................................................................................... 2-94 PART II – COMPLIANCE MONITORING PROGRAM ................................................................ 2-97 3 Project Compliance Monitoring System ..................................................................................... 3-97 3.1 MassDEP 310 CMR 7.38(8) Regulatory Requirements ....................................................................... 3-97 Emissions Monitoring .................................................................................................................................................. 3-97 Traffic Monitoring ......................................................................................................................................................