Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Finance Income and Asset Disclosure Public Disclosure Authorized Case Study Illustrations Public Disclosure Authorized Income and Asset Disclosure Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) Series StAR—the Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative—is a partnership between the World Bank Group and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) that supports international efforts to end safe havens for corrupt funds. StAR works with developing countries and financial centers to prevent the laundering of the proceeds of corruption and to facilitate more systematic and timely return of stolen assets. The Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) Series supports the efforts of StAR and UNODC by providing practitioners with knowledge and policy tools that con- solidate international good practice and wide-ranging practical experience on cutting edge issues related to anticorruption and asset recovery efforts. For more information, visit www.worldbank.org/star. Titles in the Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) Series Stolen Asset Recovery: A Good Practices Guide for Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (2009) by Theodore S. Greenberg, Linda M. Samuel, Wingate Grant, and Larissa Gray Politically Exposed Persons: Preventive Measures for the Banking Sector (2010) by Theodore S. Greenberg, Larissa Gray, Delphine Schantz, Carolin Gardner, and Michael Latham Asset Recovery Handbook: A Guide for Practitioners (2011) by Jean-Pierre Brun, Larissa Gray, Clive Scott, and Kevin Stephenson Barriers to Asset Recovery: An Analysis of the Key Barriers and Recommendations for Action (2011) by Kevin Stephenson, Larissa Gray, and Ric Power The Puppet Masters: How the Corrupt Use Legal Structures to Hide Stolen Assets and What to Do About It (2011) by Emile van der Does de Willebois, J.C. Sharman, Robert Harrison, Ji Won Park, and Emily Halter Public Office, Private Interests: Accountability through Income and Asset Disclosure (2012) Income and Asset Disclosure: Case Study Illustrations (2013) DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Finance Income and Asset Disclosure Case Study Illustrations A companion volume to Public Office, Private Interests: Accountability through Income and Asset Disclosure © 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. Note that The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. 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Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2013. Income and Asset Disclosure: Case Study Illustrations. Directions in Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9796-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. ISBN (paper): 978-0-8213-9796-1 ISBN (electronic): 978-0-8213-9797-8 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9796-1 Cover images: Shutterstock Cover design: Naylor Design, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Income and asset disclosure : case study illustrations. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8213-9796-1 — ISBN 978-0-8213-9797-8 (electronic) 1. Political corruption—Prevention—Case studies. 2. Financial disclosure—Case studies. 3. Financial disclosure—Law and legislation—Case studies. I. World Bank. JF1081.I53 2013 364.4’04563—dc23 2012051382 Income and Asset Disclosure • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-9796-1 Contents Acknowledgments xi About the Contributors xiii Abbreviations xv Introduction 1 Background to the Case Studies 1 Structure of the Case Studies 2 Key Considerations in Designing and Implementing a Financial Disclosure System 4 Chapter 1 Argentina 7 Overview 7 Background 9 The IAD Legal Framework in Argentina 10 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 14 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 15 Summary of Key Findings 24 Notes 25 References 26 Chapter 2 Croatia 27 Overview 27 Background 29 The IAD Legal Framework in Croatia 31 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 35 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 36 Summary of Key Findings 40 Annex A: Guidelines Published by Croatia’s Commission for the Prevention of Conflict of Interest on “Prohibited Conduct for Public Officials” 44 Notes 56 References 57 Chapter 3 Guatemala 59 Overview 59 Income and Asset Disclosure • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-9796-1 v vi Contents Background 63 The IAD Legal Framework in Guatemala 64 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 68 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 69 Summary of Key Findings 76 Notes 77 References 79 Chapter 4 Hong Kong SAR, China 81 Overview 81 Background 83 The IAD Legal Framework in Hong Kong SAR, China 84 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 89 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 90 Summary of Key Findings 94 Chapter 5 Indonesia 97 Overview 97 Background 99 The IAD Legal Framework in Indonesia 99 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 103 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 104 Summary of Key Findings 112 Notes 113 References 113 Chapter 6 Jordan 115 Overview 115 Background 115 The IAD Legal Framework in Jordan 118 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 121 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 122 Summary of Key Findings 127 Notes 129 References 132 Chapter 7 Kyrgyz Republic 133 Overview 133 Background 135 The IAD Legal Framework in the Kyrgyz Republic 137 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 141 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 144 Summary of Key Findings 150 Notes 150 References 151 Income and Asset Disclosure • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-9796-1 Contents vii Chapter 8 Mongolia 153 Overview 153 Background 155 The IAD Legal Framework in Mongolia 157 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 159 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 163 Summary of Key Findings 169 Notes 170 Reference 171 Chapter 9 Rwanda 173 Overview 173 Background 175 The IAD Legal Framework in Rwanda 175 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 177 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 178 Summary of Key Findings 185 Note 186 Reference 186 Chapter 10 Slovenia 187 Overview 187 Background 187 The IAD Legal Framework in Slovenia 190 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 194 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 194 Summary of Key Findings 200 Notes 201 References 201 Chapter 11 United States 203 Overview 203 Background 206 The IAD Legal Framework in the United States 209 State Systems (in Brief) 215 Mandate and Structure of the IAD Agency 215 Resources and Procedures of the IAD System 218 Summary of Key Findings 224 Notes 225 References 228 Appendix A Methodology and Indicators Used for this Volume 231 Appendix B Key Characteristics of Selected IAD Systems 251 Appendix C People and Agencies Consulted in the Research for the Case Studies 255 Income and Asset Disclosure • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-9796-1 viii Contents Boxes I.1 Key Takeaways from Public Office, Private Interests: Accountability through Income and Asset Disclosure 3 1.1 Snapshot of the Income and Asset Disclosure System in Argentina 8 1.2 Online Submission Compliance Management in Argentina 18 1.3 Procedures Performed by Argentina’s Asset Declaration Unit in the MoJ 21 2.1 Snapshot of the Income and Asset Disclosure System in Croatia 28 2.2 IAD Procedures Performed by Croatia’s Commission for the Prevention of Conflict of Interest 38 2.3 Management of Online Public Access to IAD Information in Croatia 41 3.1 Snapshot of the Income and Asset Disclosure System in Guatemala 60 4.1 Snapshot of the Income and Asset Disclosure System in Hong Kong SAR, China 82 5.1 Snapshot of the Income and Asset Disclosure System in Indonesia 98 5.2 Procedures Performed by the Wealth-Reporting Department