Final Report Energy Savings Potential in Cyprus Subsectors: Floriculture and vegetables in greenhouses The Cyprus energy profile for the greenhouses sector: current situation and energy saving measures in combination with RES Deliverable 3.1 Submitted to: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Submitted by: WIP GmbH & Co Planungs KG Sylvensteinstr. 2 D-81369 Muenchen Germany Tel: +49-89-720127 43 Fax: +49-89-720127 91 [email protected] www.wip-munich.de 28 February 2017 Energy Savings Potential in Cyprus Floriculture, vegetables in greenhouses Acknowledgments & Disclaimer This study has been conducted within the framework of the project “Technical assistance for energy efficiency and sustainable transport in Cyprus” implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH with financing from the European Commission Structural Reform Support Services under Contract No. SRSS/S2016/S002 and the German Ministry of Economy and Energy. Neither GIZ nor the European Commission or German Federal Ministry of Economy and Energy or any person acting on their behalf is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission, the German Government or GIZ. Authors Essam Mohamed, George Markou, Thanos Balafoutis, George Papadakis (Agricultural University of Athens), Pavlos Michael (Energy Auditor), Rainer Janssen (WIP) February 2017 WIP GmbH & Co Planungs KG Page 79 Energy Savings Potential in Cyprus Floriculture, vegetables in greenhouses Table of Contents Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 8 1. Executive summary .............................................................................................................. 9 2. Introduction - background ................................................................................................... 10 3. Overall and specific objectives of the study ........................................................................ 11 4. Mapping current situation in Agriculture sector in Cyprus – Vegetables and floriculture greenhouse ............................................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Energy and Energy Efficiency in Cyprus ...................................................................... 13 4.2 Regulatory framework ................................................................................................. 14 5. Energy Audits ..................................................................................................................... 16 5.1 Scope and general requirements................................................................................. 16 5.6.1 Indirect energy consumption ................................................................................ 26 5.7 Total primary energy consumption .............................................................................. 32 6. Energy Efficiency Measures ............................................................................................... 33 6.1 Technical Energy Efficiency Measures ........................................................................ 33 6.1.1 Double inflated polyethylene layer ........................................................................ 34 6.1.2 Use of thermal curtains or thermal screens .......................................................... 34 6.1.3 Greenhouse envelop sealing ................................................................................ 35 6.1.4 Insulation .............................................................................................................. 35 6.1.5 Windbreakers ....................................................................................................... 35 6.1.6 Construction considerations ................................................................................. 35 6.1.7 Using Variable Frequency Drives – VFD (inverters) ............................................. 36 6.1.8 Using efficient motors and pumps ........................................................................ 36 6.1.9 Using temperature integration .............................................................................. 36 6.1.10 Energy recovery units in desalination systems ..................................................... 37 6.1.11 Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP) or Trigeneration ............................. 37 WIP GmbH & Co Planungs KG Page 79 Energy Savings Potential in Cyprus Floriculture, vegetables in greenhouses 6.2 Quantification of existing energy efficiency potential.................................................... 38 6.2.1 Quantification of energy efficiency and savings in heating systems ...................... 38 6.2.2 Procedure of RETScreen project analysis for energy efficiency measures ........... 46 6.1 Agricultural best practice methods for energy savings ................................................. 54 7. Provision of an outlook of the expected evolutions of the energy efficiency potential by 2020 and 2030 ................................................................................................................................... 56 8. Soft Energy Efficiency Measures ........................................................................................ 57 9. Renewable Energy Penetration in greenhouses ................................................................. 58 9.1 Renewable Energy Potential ....................................................................................... 58 9.1.1 Renewable Energy in Cyprus ............................................................................... 58 9.1.2 Solar energy potential .......................................................................................... 60 9.1.3 Wind potential ...................................................................................................... 63 9.1.4 Biomass & biogas energy potential ...................................................................... 65 9.1.5 Geothermal energy potential ................................................................................ 66 9.2 Penetration of RES in greenhouses ............................................................................ 67 10. Data preparation as input for the energy forecast model ................................................. 76 11. Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 78 Annexes .................................................................................................................................... 79 WIP GmbH & Co Planungs KG Page 79 Energy Savings Potential in Cyprus Floriculture, vegetables in greenhouses List of Figures Figure 1: Energy consumption by type of fuel in Cyprus 2012 ................................................... 13 Figure 2: Energy consumption by sector in Cyprus .................................................................... 14 Figure 3: Primary energy consumption per facility (MWh) .......................................................... 23 Figure 4: Primary energy allocation per process and energy flow .............................................. 24 Figure 5: Annual Consumption profile (MWh) ............................................................................ 24 Figure 6: Equipment Capacity and Annual Energy Consumption per process. .......................... 25 Figure 7: Indirect energy calculation path .................................................................................. 29 Figure 8: Indirect Energy Intensity in selected greenhouses ...................................................... 32 Figure 9: Trigeneration and fuel use efficiency, source .............................................................. 38 Figure 10: Meteorological data for Paphos and heating degree-days available from RETScreen .................................................................................................................................................. 45 Figure 11: Basic data of the project ........................................................................................... 47 Figure 12: fuel type selection ..................................................................................................... 47 Figure 13: Energy efficiency measures ...................................................................................... 49 Figure 14: Summary of energy efficiency calculations ............................................................... 49 Figure 15: Cost analysis and input sheet ................................................................................... 50 Figure 16: Financial analysis of the project ................................................................................ 51 Figure 17: Sensitivity analysis of the project .............................................................................. 52 Figure 18: Risk analysis of the project ....................................................................................... 53 Figure 19: Share of renewables in gross inland energy consumption, 2014 a) for EU28 – b) for Cyprus - % ...............................................................................................................................