Status and Physics of the SHiP experiment at CERN TAUP 2017 { Snolab Daniel Bick July 26, 2017 D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 1 / 15 Physics Motivation SM very successful, however. Strong Evidence for BSM Physics • Neutrino masses and oscillations • The nature of non-baryonic Dark Matter • Excess of matter over antimatter in the Universe • Cosmic inflation of the Universe Shortcoming of Theory • Gap between Fermi and Planck scales • Dark Energy • Connection to gravity • ... New/extended models needed new particles ) D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 2 / 15 Where to Find New Physics • Why haven't we seen these new particles, yet? • Too heavy or too weakly interacting Image: CERN Courier 2/2016 D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 3 / 15 How to Explore Hidden Sector? • Phenomenologies of hidden sector models share a number of unique and common physics features Models Final States Neutrino portal, HNL, SUSY neutralino `±π∓, `±K∓, `±ρ∓ Vector, scalar, axion portals, SUSY sgoldstino e+e−, µ+µ− Vector, scalar, axion portals, SUSY sgoldstino π+π−, K+K− Neutrino portal, HNL, SUSY neutralino, axino `+`−ν • Production through meson decays (π, K, D, B) • Production and decay rates are strongly suppressed relative to SM • Production branching ratios (10−10) O • Long-lived objects (µs) O • Travel unperturbed through ordinary matter D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 4 / 15 νMSM Minimal approach, extends SM by three neutral particles ! T.Asaka, M.Shaposhnikov PLB 620 (2005) 17 Three generations of fermoins, spin 1=2 Three generations of fermoins, spin 1=2 I II III I II III mass! 2:4 MeV 1:27 GeV 173:2 GeV 0 mass! 2:4 MeV 1:27 GeV 173:2 GeV 0 charge! 2=3 u 2=3 c 2=3 t 0 g charge! 2=3 u 2=3 c 2=3 t 0 g name! Left up Right Left charm Right Left top Right gluon name! Left up Right Left charm Right Left top Right gluon 4:8 MeV 104 MeV 4:2 GeV 0 4:8 MeV 104 MeV 4:2 GeV 0 −1=3 −1=3s −1=3 0 γ −1=3 −1=3s −1=3 0 γ Quarks d b Quarks d b Left down Right Left strange Right Left bottom Right photon Left down Right Left strange Right Left bottom Right photon 91:2 GeV 126 GeV ∼ 10 keV ∼ GeV ∼ GeV 91:2 GeV 126 GeV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 νe νµ ντ Z H νe N1 νµN2 ντ N3 Z H Left Left Left Z-Boson Higgs Left Left Left Z-Boson Higgs spin 0 spin 0 1 0:511 MeV 105:7 MeV 1:777 GeV 80:4 GeV 0:511 MeV 105:7 MeV 1:777 GeV 1 80:4 GeV −1 e −1 µ −1 τ ±1 −1 e −1 µ −1 τ ±1 Leptons W ± Leptons W ± Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Bosons, spin electron muon tau W-Boson electron muon tau Bosons, spin W-Boson • Ni: 3 Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL) • N1: 10 keV • ∼DM candidate • N2, N3: GeV region • Neutrino∼ masses • Baryon asymmetry of the Universe D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 5 / 15 Experimental Concept Example for HNLs µ¯ νf ; `f D νf s ν ¯ µ N Z; W q;¯ `; ν¯ U 2 U 2 N q; `; ν • Typical lifetimes > 10 µs for mN 1 GeV 2;3 ∼ • Decay distance (km) O • Detection of hidden particles through their decay in SM particles • Detector must be sensitive to as many decay modes as possible . Full reconstruction essential to minimize model dependence • Branching ratios suppressed compared to SM couplings (10−10) O . challenging background suppression estimated (0:01) needed ! O D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 6 / 15 Experimental Concept Example for HNLs µ¯ µ− ν Ds f νµ N d¯ W + U 2 π+ U 2 N u • Typical lifetimes > 10 µs for mN 1 GeV 2;3 ∼ • Decay distance (km) O • Detection of hidden particles through their decay in SM particles • Detector must be sensitive to as many decay modes as possible . Full reconstruction essential to minimize model dependence • Branching ratios suppressed compared to SM couplings (10−10) O . challenging background suppression estimated (0:01) needed ! O D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 6 / 15 -shield µ decay vessel CAL/PID spectrometer • Large decay volume followed by spectrometer, calorimeter, PID • Shielding from SM particles: hadron absorber and veto detectors SHiP • SHiP is a new proposed intensity-frontier experiment aiming to search for neutral hidden particles with mass up to (10) GeV and O extremely weak couplings down to 10−10. Decay of hidden particles p beam hidden particle decay products target D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 7 / 15 SHiP • SHiP is a new proposed intensity-frontier experiment aiming to search for neutral hidden particles with mass up to (10) GeV and O extremely weak couplings down to 10−10. Decay of hidden particles p beam hidden particle decay products target -shield µ decay vessel CAL/PID spectrometer • Large decay volume followed by spectrometer, calorimeter, PID • Shielding from SM particles: hadron absorber and veto detectors D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 7 / 15 Experiment Layout D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 8 / 15 Experiment Layout Target • 58 cm Mo (4 λ), 58 cm W (6 λ) . Optimized for heavy meson production • Followed by hadron stopper D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 8 / 15 Experiment Layout Active Muon Shield • Deal with 1010 muons/spill • Active magnetic muon shield and passive absorber • Less than 100k µ/spill remaining D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 8 / 15 Experiment Layout Emulsion Spectrometer • OPERA-like detector • Magnetized neutrino targed (lead interleaved with photo emulsion) • Followed by muon spectrometer D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 8 / 15 Experiment Layout Decay Vessel and Hidden Particle Detector • 50 m Long evacuated decay vessel . 10−6 bar . Surrounded by background taggers • Straw Tube Spectrometer followed by calorimeters and muon detector D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 8 / 15 Fixed Target Facility @ SPS North Area • 400 GeV protons • 4 1013 pot/spill (every 7 s) · . 2 1020 pot in 5 years · D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 9 / 15 SM Physics • Production of large amounts of Neutrinos . Study ντ and ν¯τ properties . Test lepton flavor universality by comparing interactions of νµ and ντ µ+ σcc¯ Nντ +¯ντ = 4Np fDs Br(Ds τ) σpN ! −5 15 = 2:85 10 Np = 5:7 10 ν τ + µ × ×c + DS ν¯τ s¯ ντ ν-production @ p-target Interactions @ ν-target < E > (GeV) Number of ν 15 6 and νµ 30 2:3 · 10 • 5:7 10 ντ ν¯τ 5 νe 46 3:4 · 10 · 3 18 ντ 58 7:1 · 10 • 5:7 10 νµ and ν¯µ 5 ν¯µ 27 9:5 · 10 · 5 17 ν¯e 46 1:4 · 10 • 3:7 10 νe and ν¯e 3 · ν¯τ 58 3:6 · 10 D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 10 / 15 Emulsion Spectrometer • 9:6 tons emulsion/lead target in magnetic field: • 11 walls of 14 6 ECC-bricks, replaced every 6 months for scanning × . Total number of bricks: 924 6930 m2 emulsion films ! • Each brick is followed by a compact emulsion spectrometer • Resolution of 1 µm D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 11 / 15 ντ Physics and more. Direct measurements of tau neutrino CC-interaction fairly recent • DONUT: 9 1:5 events ± • no distinction between ντ and ν¯τ • OPERA: 5 events • only ντ SM Physics opportunity for SHiP • (4000) ντ =ν¯τ interactions O . Study the properties and cross-section . First observation of ν¯τ • Light Dark Matter search • Extraction of F4 and F5 structure functions • Measure the s-content of the nucleon D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 12 / 15 Sensitivity to HNLs Neutrino Portal • HNLs: 120 events expected for mN2;3 = 1 GeV • SHIP will scan most of the cosmologically allowed region below the charm mass • Sensitive also too many other models Vector portal (dark photon) Scalar portal D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 13 / 15 Summary and Outlook • SHiP is proposed to complement searches for new physics at CERN in the largely unexplored domain of new, very weakly interacting particles with masses (10) GeV • Also great opportunitiesO for SM physics . Improve sensitivity of ν -physics by (1000) τ O • Recognized as an experiment by CERN since May 2016 • Next step: Conceptual Design Report in 2018 . Input for the European strategy for particle physics • Begin data taking in 2026 D. Bick (UHH) TAUP 2017: SHiP July 26, 2017 14 / 15 The People behind SHiP Technical Proposal Physics Proposal EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN) ——————————————————————————– CERN-SPSC-2015-017 (SPSC-P-350-ADD-1) A facility to Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case CERN-SPSC-2015-016 SPSC-P-350 8 April 2015 Sergey Alekhin,1,2 Wolfgang Altmannshofer,3 Takehiko Asaka,4 Brian Batell,5 Fedor Bezrukov,6,7 Kyrylo Bondarenko,8 Alexey Boyarsky?,8 Nathaniel Craig,9 Ki-Young Choi,10 Crist´obalCorral,11 David Curtin,12 Sacha Davidson,13,14 Andr´ede Gouvˆea,15 Stefano Dell’Oro,16 Patrick deNiverville,17 P. S. Bhupal Dev,18 Herbi Dreiner,19 Marco Drewes,20 Shintaro Eijima,21 Rouven Essig,22 Anthony Fradette,17 Bj¨ornGarbrecht,20 Belen Gavela,23 Gian F.