IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events --------------- Tables de Cotation de l'IAAF pour les Epreuves Combinées 2001 Edition Reprinted edition - April 2004 IAAF Council Le Conseil de l’IAAF President Lamine Diack (SEN) Senior Vice President Arne Ljungqvist (SWE) Vice Presidents Amadeo I D Francis (PUR) Dapeng Lou (CHN) Helmut Digel (GER) Honorary Treasurer Jean Poczobut (FRA) General Secretary István Gyulai (HUN) Members Dahlan Jumaan Al-Hamad (QAT) Bill Bailey (AUS)* Sergey Bubka (UKR) Leonard Chuene (RSA)* Sebastian Coe (GBR) Nawal El Moutawakel (MAR) Roberto Gesta de Melo (BRA)* Robert Hersh (USA) Abby Hoffman (CAN) Alberto Juantorena Danger (CUB) Suresh Kalmadi (IND)* Ilkka Kanerva (FIN) Isaiah Kiplagat (KEN) Minos Kyriakou (GRE) Neville McCook (JAM)* César Moreno Bravo (MEX) José Maria Odriozola (ESP) Jung-Ki Park (KOR) Jamel Simohamed (ALG) Taizo Watanabe (JPN) Hansjörg Wirz (SUI)* * Area Representative IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events / Tables de Cotation pour les Epreuves Combinées 3 CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIERES English French President’s Message / Message du Président 6 26 A Brief History / Un Bref Historique 7 27 The Evolution of the Scoring Tables / Evolution des Tables de Cotation 11 32 IAAF Rule 200 - Outdoor / Règle 200 de l’IAAF - Plein Air 19 41 IAAF Rule 222 - Indoor / Règle 222 de l’IAAF - Salle 21 43 How to Use the Tables / Comment utiliser les Tables 22 44 How to score / Comment noter 22 44 Formulae / Formules 24 46 OUTDOOR SCORING TABLES / TABLES DE COTATION EN PLEIN AIR Engl/Fr DECATHLON MEN / HOMMES 100 metres / 100 mètres & Manual timing / Chronométrage manuel 50 Long Jump / Saut en Longueur 54 Shot Put / Lancer du Poids 57 High Jump / Saut en Hauteur 63 400 metres / 400 mètres & Manual timing / Chronométrage manuel 64 110 metres Hurdles / 110 mètres Haies & Manual timing / Chronométrage manuel 71 Discus Throw / Lancer du Disque 77 Pole Vault / Saut à la Perche 83 Javelin Throw / Lancer du Javelot 86 1500 metres / 1500 mètres 92 PENTATHLON MEN / HOMMES 200 metres / 200 mètres & Manual timing / Chronométrage manuel 98 HEPTATHLON WOMEN / FEMMES 100m Hurdles/ 100 mètres Haies & Manual timing/Chronométrage manuel 106 High Jump / Saut en Hauteur 112 Shot Put / Lancer du Poids 113 200 metres / 200 mètres & Manual timing/Chronométrage manuel 119 Long Jump / Saut en Longueur 126 Javelin Throw / Lancer du Javelot 129 800 metres / 800 mètres 135 DECATHLON WOMEN / FEMMES 100 metres / 100 mètres & Manual timing/Chronométrage manuel 141 400 metres / 400 mètres & Manual timing/Chronométrage manuel 145 Discus Throw / Lancer du Disque 152 Pole Vault / Saut à la Perche 158 1500 metres / 1500 mètres 160 INDOOR SCORING TABLES / TABLES DE COTATION EN SALLE HEPTATHLON MEN / HOMMES 60 metres / 60 mètres & Manual timing / Chronométrage manuel 166 1000 metres / 1000 mètres 169 60 metres Hurdles / 60 mètres Haies & Manual timing / Chronométrage manuel 174 PENTATHLON WOMEN / FEMMES 60 metres Hurdles / 60 mètres Haies & Manual timing / Chronométrage manuel 178 IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events / Tables de Cotation pour les Epreuves Combinées 5 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Ideal Scoring Tables for Athletics events do not exist, for opinions vary considerably between statisticians as to their basis and method of construction. The Tables in use up to 1985 (1962 Men and 1971 Women) had served the IAAF well, but the sport evolved, with progress in certain events (1500m, Pole Vault, Women's High Jump), putting them out of step with other events on the Tables. This caused rumblings of discontent by the early 1970s and finally, in 1982, a Working Group of the Technical Committee under the leadership of Dr. Viktor Trkal concluded that a new table should be established and should be exclusively for use in combined events competitions. To this end, the new tables were to be based mainly on statistics from combined events competitions, while paying due regard to statistics from individual events. Based on these studies, a set of tables accepted by the Working Group, approved by the Technical Committee and passed by the Los Angeles Congress in August 1984, was printed in 1985. In 1998, a new edition was printed after the Athens Congress agreed in 1997 to measure the long throws to the nearest centimetre. The IAAF also took this opportunity to include the tables for the indoor events which are not part of the Men's Decathlon and the Heptatlon for Women The 2004 edition takes accounts of some important rule changes from the 2001 Edmonton Congress, such as the consequences of the creation of the Decathlon for women (in addition to the traditional Heptathlon which even remains for the moment the official event in the Championships). This decision meant that the IAAF needed to create a new version of the Scoring Tables incorporating 100m, Discus Throw, Pole Vault, 400m and 1500m for women. This reprinted version includes some updates in the text but no changes in the scoring tables. IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events / Tables de Cotation pour les Epreuves Combinées 6 A BRIEF HISTORY OF COMBINED EVENTS COMPETITIONS MEN'S PENTATHLON AND DECATHLON Men's combined events competitions have a very ancient tradition. A Pentathlon (consisting of long jump, discus throw, javelin throw, 192m sprint and wrestling) was introduced into the Classical Greek Olympic Games from about 700 BC. After the end of the ancient Olympic Games in 390 AD, there was a very long gap. The next reports of combined events competitions, come from the middle of the 19th century in England. For example, the Much Wenlock Olympics in 1851 included a Pentathlon with high jump, long jump, putting the 36lb shot, 880 yards and climbing a 55 foot rope. There are also reports from Germany about the same time of combined events including pole vault, a stone throw and long jump. Modern combined events competitions, as we now know them, probably started in America about 1880, scoring being carried out using a table prepared for the American Athletic Union. At first the Decathlon (the All Round event as it was then called) included 100 yards, shot put, high jump, 880 yards walk, 16lb hammer throw, pole vault, 120 yards hurdles 56lb weight throw, long jump and 1 mile run. The whole event was completed in a day! It proved so popular that the organisers of the 3rd Olympic Games in St. Louis in 1904 arranged for a Decathlon to take place in conjunction with the Games, though not as an official event. Similar experiments with Pentathlons and Decathlons were coming to the fore about this time throughout Scandinavia and in Germany. At the interim Olympic Games in Athens in 1906, Greece made an attempt to revive the classical Pentathlon with a standing long jump, ancient style discus throw, javelin throw, 192m sprint and wrestling, but combined events, for track and field only, had now progressed too far. The Decathlon, with its good balance of track, jumping and throwing events requiring both explosive and endurance qualities, was developing irresistibly. By 1910 Sweden, who were to stage the 5th Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912, had decided to include a Pentathlon (long jump, javelin throw, 200m, discus throw and 1500m) as well as a two-day Decathlon (100m, long jump, shot put, high jump, 400m, 110m hurdles, discus throw, pole vault, javelin and 1500m). In fact, the Decathlon had to be extended to three days owing to the large number of entries, with the discus and 110m hurdles transposed. However, the original sequence of events was confirmed at the 1914 IAAF Congress and has remained unchanged to this day. The Pentathlon has also remained unchanged except for a change in the scoring IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events / Tables de Cotation pour les Epreuves Combinées 7 method in 1928. Until then, the scoring was based on the addition of the place number in each event; the lowest total winning. From 1928, the same tables and scoring system as for the Decathlon have been used: hence the inclusion of the 200m in the 1984 tables. After 1924, the Pentathlon was dropped from the Olympic Games, since the inclusion of two men's combined events was considered excessive. Nevertheless, the Pentathlon continues as an official IAAF event, in particular for one day meetings, in club competitions and as a team event. WOMEN'S PENTATHLON AND HEPTATHLON In contrast to the men, the pioneers of women's athletics had to labour against a great mass of prejudice. These basic difficulties were increased by problems in the international organisation of athletics. The USSR, which was one of the strongest nations in women's athletics, and especially combined events competitions, was not a member of the IAAF until after the 1939-45 World War. Even more serious, the IOC refused to admit women to the Olympic Games from the very beginning. Towards the end of the first World War, a French woman, Mme Alice Milliat, established a national women's federation. After an unsuccessful appeal to the IOC in 1919 to include women's athletics in the Olympic Games, she set up a rival organisation, the Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale (FSFI) in 1921. Whereas the IOC naturally saw it as a threat, the IAAF set up a committee on women's athletics in 1922. This led, finally, to a joint committee with the FSFI in 1926 to control women's athletics worldwide. The FSFI organised Women's World Championships, similar to the Olympic Games, in 1922, 1926, 1930 and 1934. This did not endear women's sports to the IOC but, after considerable pressure from the IAAF, the first women's athletics events (admittedly only 5) were added to the Olympic Games in 1928 in Amsterdam. There were six women's events in 1932 in Los Angeles, but again only 5 in 1936 in Berlin.