DOCUMENT RESUME EDI 219 228 SE 860 a AUTHOR Gottlieb, Herbert H. TITLE Physics Lab Experiments and Correlated Computer Aids. Teacher Edition. REPORT NO ISBN-0-940850-01-X PUB DATE 81 NOTE 224p. AVAILABLE FROMMetrologic Publications, 143 Harding Ave., Bell Mawr, NJ 08031 $10.50 qer copy,,$6. in clas sets. EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Computer Oriented Programs; High Schools; Laboratory Manuals;.*Physics; *Science'Activitieg; Science Educatibn; *Science Experiments; *Secondary Schaol Science; Teaching Guides ABSTRACT Forty-nine physics experiments are.included in the ' teacher's edition of this ' aboratory rnrvual. Suggestions, are given in margins for preparing apparatus, organizing students, and anticipating difficulties likely,to be encountered. Sample data, graphs, calculations, and sample answers to leading questions are also given for each experiment. it is suggested that data obtained be verified with microcomputers. Subjects of experiments include among others measuring with precision; vector addition of forces; torques; resolution of a force into components; forces caused by weights on an incline, timer calibration; recording motion with strobe photographs; 41 straight-line motion at constant speed; constant acceleration using a water clock; acceleration'of a spinning disc; acceleration using a linear air track;..,pendulum; acceleration of free fall; mass/weight; Newton's second law; trajectories; Newton's third law;conseivation( of energy in a pendulum; energy changes on a tilted air track; simple harmohic motion of a linear air tract; oscillating mass hanging from a spring; mechanical resonance; Boyle's la*;calibrating a mercury thermometer; linear expansion of a solid; calorimetry; thinge of state; waves on a coiled spring and in a:ripple tank; reflection/refraction; diffraction/interface; images and converging/diverging lenses; standing waves; electric fields and electron charge; Ohm's Law; seriesAparallel circuits; Magnetic ,fields; electron beam deflection;_ and half:71ife. (JN), , 4.11 *************o************************************'****************** . Ae.productions supplied by EDRS are.the best that' cap be made from the original document. *******-*************0***********.*************************************** TO THE TEACHER This teacher edition c ntains all of the information foundin the student edition and also includes some additional teacher aids printed in the contrasting italic type that you arenow reading Suggestions are given in the margins for preparing apparatus,organizing'students, arid anticipating,difficulties that are rilikely to be encou tered. Alsol for each experiment, sampledata,,graphs, calculations, and sample answers to leading uestions are given. These answers wereobtained from the author's students over the past few years an some may lack rigor andconciseness. However, they are honest and can give you an idud of the (and.1 acceptable answers that, can be expected from a typical student. Most of the aaratus needed for these experiments is simple,inexpensive, and the kind that most schools atreadhave. A fev "call for more expensive apparatus such aslasers, air tracks, microwave sets and nuclear, dtectors which may not always be available in classquantities. For these, consider having / the4udentsork in small groups with each of the available set-upsand then rotating to another when hed. Yomight also consider the possibility of doing some of theexperiments as optional labs for the highly moteated students or as class projects in which a fewstudents operate the apparatus while the rest recordthe data and perform the calculations individually. Most of the materials in this book are updated versions ofbasic time tested physics experiments that have been woven by several generations of physics students.Others are rather new and novel and were adapted from ideas gleaned from physics journalsark] from projects funded by the National Science Foundation.. - Because there are so many excellent textbooks Currentlyavailable for introductory physics courses, this laboratory manual is not tied to any particular textbook and almost anyof the popular texts will provide' the necessary theory and background. Notice several features in the student edition that makethellife of the instructor a bit easier The pages have been perforated for e* removal and have beenpunched for reassembly in a standard loose leaf binder. The wide margins provide space where students canrecord any supplementary suggestions for modifying th,4irocedures or improving thetechniques of experimentation. Perhaps the feature that provides the greatest help for instructors is the availabilityof specially written microcomputer programs to accompany this boDk. They guide studentsin obtaining data during the laboratory session4 methodically check each entry and calculation In the final report,and even assign a grade for this portion of the lab work. Suggestions for utilizing these computerprograms are given on the inside back cover of this teacher mahual. of ti PHYSICS LAB EXPERIMENTS AND CORRELATED COMPUTER AIDS HERBERT, H. GOTTLIEB 1 TEACHER EDITION 1 MP METROLOGIC PUBLICATIONS 143 Harding Avenue Bellrnawr, New Jersey 08031 ti 4 qb. q. THE AUTHOR ti Herbert H. Gottlieb, currently teaching at the Physics Department ( of Queensborough Community College, has been chairman of the Physical Science' Department of Martin Van Buren High School and one faculty of the Beer Graduate School of Science of the Yeshiva University in New York City% He edits the monthly section "Apparatus for Teaching Physics" of the Physics Teacher magazine and is an active member of the American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) and the National Association of Science Teachers' (NSTA). He has won over 30 local and national awards for work with students as well as for,his professional work. In 1971, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Citation of the AAPT. 4 All of the experiments in this book have been adapted from similar or identical experiments in the book "Laboratory Manual for the World of Physics" 1973 by the sameauthojHerbert H. Gottlieb. However, significant revisions have been mgde in alrriosfalf of the experiments to glarifY= unde;standingsand tomake the experiments adaptable for verification and evaluation. The Addison Wesley Publishing Company Inc. is thanked for their permission to reproduce large sections of instructions and most of the illustrations. Copyright 03 11111 by ladrtogie Publications Al rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted, in any form or by any , means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying.recording, or otherwise. without the prior permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States ofA (STUDENT EIXT1011) seH0-9104S040-1 (TEACHER EDMONIsin 0-940450.01-X 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction vii Doing an Experiment ( viii Experiment. Pop 1 Measuring With Precision 1 2 Vector Addition of Forces 5 3 Torques 9 4 RepOtutibn ofa Force into Components 13 5 Forces Caused by Weights on an Incline 17 It 6 Timer Calibration 21 7 Recording Motion'with Strobe Photographs 27 8 Straight-Line Motion at Constant Speed 33 9 - Constant Aixelerafion Using a Water Clock 37 10 Acceleration of a Spinning Disc 39 11 Acceleration Using a Linear Air Track 41 . 3 12 6 Pendulum 45 13 Acceleration of Free Fall 49 14 'Mass and Weight 53 I Newton's Second Law 57 1 16 Trajectories 61 ' Centripetal Force 65 18 Newton's Third Law 71 19 - Conservation of Energy in a Pendulum 75 . 20 Energy Changes on a Tilted Air Track 79 21 , Simple Harmonic Motion on a Linear Air Track 85 K. iii v 6 . 0 , ) ) Number Experiment Page 22 bscillating Mast Hanging From a Spring 89 . ., . .23 Mechanical Resonance . 93 97 24 Sliding FrictiOn , . 25 Boyle's Law % 101 N 26 Calibrating a Mercury Thermometer , 105 27' Linear Expansion of a Solid 109 - a ( . 28 _ Calorimetry , -, 113 29- Change of State . 117p I 30 ' Waves on a Coiled Spring 123 31 Waves in a Ripple Tank - 129 . 1 32 Deflection . , 15t _ * 141 33 Refraction ,....) , 34 Diffraction and Interference % 147 157 35 Images and Converging Lenses . -4, .. .. 36 rages and Diverging Lenses 161 _4,- NI It 37 Stariding Waves 165 . , 38 Electric Fields 171 4. 39 Charge of an Electron 175 40 Ohm's Law 181 , . _.185 41 Series Circuits , - 189 42 Parallel Circuits ' 43 Electrical' Equivalent of Heat , 193 , . 44 Resonance in Electric Circuits 19T 201 45 Magnetic Fields . 4a . 46 Forces Between Current-Carry'ng Conductoys 205 . 47 Electron Bbam Deflection 213 219 48 . Photoelectric Effect Half-Life 225 49 . .. , . iv 7 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued ) 5 *Number AOpendik Page Laboratory Safety Procedures 229 2 Good Graphing Techniques '231 3 Measurements and Significant Figures 235 4 I di p K V INTRODUCTION 4. 're The laboratory experiments in Physics are d great source of fun as well as a valuable& learning experience that will be remembered for the rest ofour life. Ourrent research tells us that skills learned in the Physics lab are very different from those found in other courses. Although textbook theiory will usually explain everything, this is not always the case. Often, blundersand faulty calculations in the laboratory lead tounexpected results that seem to contradict the established theory. However, thereis.always hat chance that you have discovered something new: something that others have ne n able to observe and ekplain before. True, it does not happenoften, but be assured that it does happen often enough to make things really interesting.