Rajiv Ranjan Mishra, IAS, Director General National Mission for Clean Ganga Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Ministry of Jal Shakti Leading River Rejuvenation A case of Namami Gange What is a River? • A natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. Or • A large quantity of a flowing substance Or • A ribbon-like body of water that flows downhill from the force of gravity River is not just water, it is a system Which Flows… Ancient scriptures had cautioned against misusing the Ganga river. For instance, the following edict in Sanskrit prohibited thirteen types of human actions: Defecation, Gargling, Throwing of used floral offerings, Rubbing of filth, Flowing bodies (human or animal), Frolicking; Acceptance of donations; Obscenity; Considering other shrines to be superior, Praising other shrines, Discarding garments; Bathing, and Making noise. Ganga Basin Upper Ganga Headstreams are fast-flowing Gomukh to Haridwar mountainous rivers cutting through deep (294 km) gorges and narrow valleys Middle Ganga Middle Ganga stretch meanders through Haridwar to Varanasi relatively flat plains (1082 km) Lower Ganga Lower Ganga segment tends to be Varanasi to Gangasagar braided, especially in the delta region (1134 km) near the Bay of Bengal where sea tides affect the river flow. Pollution in River Ganga Central Pollution Control Board Standard for Issues related to Bathing (Class ‘B’) Critically Polluted Stretch in Faecal Coliform Dissolved Oxygen (DO) >= 5mg/l terms of B.O.D and Faecal Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) <= 3mg/l Coliform Faecal Coliform <= 500mpn/ 100ml Issues related to Faecal Coliform Major Polluters Priority Criteria I BOD > 30 mg/l II BOD > 20-30 mg/l III BOD > 10-20 mg /l IV BOD > 6-10 mg/l V BOD 3-6 mg / l Priority Category State Polluted Stretches 2018 2019 No Ganga Stretches in priority Uttarakhand Haridwar to Sultanpur (< 3 mg/l BOD ) IV - category I to IV* Uttar Pradesh Kannauj to Varanasi (1.25– 4.2 mg/l BOD) IV V Bihar Buxar to Bhagalpur (< 3 mg/l BOD ) V - * As per CPCB identification of 351 polluted West Bengal Triveni to Diamond Harbour (2.3 – 4.1 mg/l BOD) III V stretches in the country in September 2018 (IIT Consortium) 8 People Research, Ecology Pollution River Policy and Abatement and Flow Knowledge Connect Management Evidence Based Planning Policy Formation Implementation of Policy No of works Total Cost of S. No. Type of Project Name of State Taken up Project (Rs in Cr ) Uttarakhand 34 1,151.18 Uttar Pradesh 50 10,288.38 Bihar 30 5,328.60 Jharkhand 2 156.12 1 Sewerage Projects West Bengal 22 3,789.71 Summary of Haryana 2 217.87 Namami Gange Delhi 11 2,361.08 Projects Himachal Pradesh 1 11.57 Total 152 23,304.51 2 Industrial Pollution Abatement 13 1073.52 3 River front, Ghats and Crematoria 77 1425.34 4 Afforestation and Biodiversity conservation 29 456.85 5 Rural Sanitation 1 1421.26 6 Other Projects 43 1295.63 Grand Total 315 28,977.11 Ecology People Research, Pollution Policy and and Flow River Abatement Knowledge Connect Management Evidence Based Planning Policy Formation Implementation of Policy Sewer Capacity S.No. State Network (MLD) (km) Total Projects 1 Uttarakhand 165.28 186.19 2 Uttar Pradesh 1648.14 1783.86 152 3 Bihar 631.5 1754.01 4 Jharkhand 15.5 89.21 Capacity Creation 5 West Bengal 864.67 1063.05 4857 MLD 6 Himanchal Pradesh 1.72 7 Haryana 145 40.94 8 Delhi 1384.5 125.58 Sewer Network Total 4857 5061.48 5061.48 Km • Main Ganga Stem – 113 Projects to create 2171.6 MLD and 4522 km Sewer Network • Ganga Tributaries – 39 Projects to create 2686 MLD and 621 km sewer Network on 27 Rivers Sewage Generation Vs. Treatment Capacity 4000 3603 3500 3314 2953 3000 1240 Approved Projects Status of existing 2500 infrastructure and 2000 Interventions - 97 Towns along 1500 2074 Existing Capacity As Ganga Main Stem 1000 on 30.05.20 500 0 Estimated Sewage Sewage Generation Current Status Generation (2035) (2016) -All figures are in MLD (Million Litres per Day) Hybrid Annuity Based Public Private One City One Operator Partnership (PPP) Model for Creation of Sewage Treatment • Paradigm shift in the sector – one stop Infrastructure solution for sewage treatment in the entire city • Learning from past – Hybrid Annuity • Integration of new and existing Model (HAM) introduced for long sewage treatment infrastructure under HAM term satisfactory performance • Construction linked payments – 40% of capital cost • Performance linked payments – 15 Years (60% quarterly Capex Annuity with Interest with additional O&M payments) Sisamau Nala, Kanpur Before After Kassawan Nala, Haridwar Sewerage Infrastructure Projects After Before 68 MLD Jagjeetpur – STP, Haridwar 5 MLD Chorpani Muni Ki Reti Newly Beur STP, Patna Completed Projects Sarai – 14 MLD, Haridwar 20 Reuse and Recycle Treated wastewater reuse of Treated Effluent in Agriculture and Horticulture Using sludge after treatment for revenue generation Namami Gange Reuse of sludge Treated Initiatives Reuse wastewater after waste and Recycle Waste water treatment water and By reuse in Products Industrial Areas Adopting new technologies and methods for reuse of by-products of Treated treated effluent wastewater reuse in Thermal Plants Rural Sanitation • NMCG supplementing efforts of Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation in ensuring sanitation in Ganga villages. • All 4465 Ganga bank villages declared ODF - 11 lakh Independent Household Latrines (IHHL)- (Rs 829cr) • Need based Liquid Waste Management in Ganga villages - Rs. 124 cr. Released • Future Activities in SBM (Grameen) 2.0 Ecolo People Research, Pollutio Policy and gy and River n Knowledge Flow Conne Abateme Managemen ct nt t Evidence Based Planning Policy Formation Implementation of Policy Flood Plain Protection • Flood plains-integral part of overall river ecology and their protection important for health of the river. • NMCG ‘Authority’ Notification mandates protection of flood plains and keeping them regulated and construction free. • Committee for flood-plain demarcation for Ganga from Haridwar to Unnao (no development zone/ regulatory zone). • States requested to take action for demarcation of flood plains and protection thereof. Biodiversity Conservation and Ganga Rejuvenation • Dedicated project with WII • Ganga Aqua life Conservation and Monitoring Centre (GACMC) • Ecological and Hydrological Surveys • Genetic Assessment of Indicator Species • The Eco-toxicological Assessment • Spearhead teams for Capacity Building • Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre • A Cadre of Ganga Praharis • Interpretation Centre and Floating Museums • CIFRI, WWF, IUCN, States, TSA….Community Extending it to other tributaries of Basin Sustainable Agriculture in Ganga Basin • Agricultural runoff a major non-point source of pollution. • Organic Farming taken up by MoA&FW in few clusters. • Riverbed Agriculture should be only Organic. • 85% of water utilization is for agriculture and efficient use of water is important for Aviralta. Integrated Demand side projects for 800 Ha Special management Medicinal corridor of organic of water to Rudraksh Plantation Uttar Medicinal farming in 5- increase Ecosystem plantation Pradesh-10 Plantation 7 Kms water approach to in Districts, 180 along stretch inefficiency for Agriculture Gram Uttarakhan Ganga along both reducing Panchayats, 60 (NMPB) abstraction of d with Clusters and sides of water from INTACH 2500 Ha. Ganga river Small River Rejuvenation • Rejuvenation of small rivers in Ganga basin • A GIS based inventory of small rivers has been created along with district wise list of small rivers • Initiative added under MGNREGA for Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan Ecolo People Research, Pollutio Policy and gy and River n Knowledge Flow Conne Abateme Managemen ct nt t Evidence Based Planning Policy Formation Implementation of Policy People River Connect • River rejuvenation is a collaborative and an adaptive process • Prioritize River Conservation in education and related IEC activities in Schools and Colleges • Community engagement, linking livelihood and conservation Ganga Vichar Manch (GVM) National Cadet (Individual Citizens) Corps (NCC) Ganga Task Force (GTF) (Ex-Servicemen) Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) District Ganga Ganga Praharis (Ganga Doots) Committee Ganga Bal Praharis Pravasi Ganga SMCG Praharis (WII) NMCG Ganga Mitras (BHU) National Service Scheme (NSS) Science Clubs River trusts (Vigyan Prashar) (Community organizations) GANGA UTSAV • organized on 4th Nov 2019 to celebrate declaration of Ganga as National river. • A multiple activity program engaging students and youth including river cinemas, quiz, storytelling, games on ecological learnings, group discussions etc. Ganga Amantran • A 34 days long river rafting expedition covering over 2500 KM of River Ganga from Devprayag to Gangasagar • Biggest social outreach programs through adventure sports with an aim to connect with lakhs of people • Team comprises of team of Armed Forces, NDRF, WII Scientist and CSIR-IITR Great Ganga Run • Marathon to create awareness about river Ganga • Organized ‘The Great Ganga Run in New Delhi on 15 th September 2019 • Almost 20,000 people participated in the marathon. • Run for Women at Varanasi on World Women’s Day 1 million+ All Indian States and Total Participation Union Territories 11,52,407 participated Enthusiastic participation by all 5 basin states More than 1 lakh schools participated Ganga Quest Winners Announcement Ceremony Cleanathon at the banks of river • A cleanliness Drive organized across 8 major ghats on the river Yamuna at Delhi on 28th June 2019. • Continued regularly in association with local organization, NGO’s and RWA’s. • Regular cleaning by community volunteers at several places along Ganga Tree Plantation on World Environment Day By NYKS Ecolo People Research, Pollutio Policy and gy and River n Knowledge Flow Conne Abateme Managemen ct nt t Evidence Based Planning Policy Formation Implementation of Policy Water Quality Monitoring Water Quality Monitoring • Manual Water Quality monitoring being conducted at 94 locations through respective SPCBs and data compiled at CPCB. • 44 Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Stations (RTWQMS) installed on river Ganga.