no. 60 | august 2012 The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation celebrated its first half-century on 2 March 2012. Its history is also a narrative of commitment to global solidarity and justice. This volume presents a series of portraits of the Foundation as it emerged over the past 50 years as an ideas-based organisation seeking to promote anti-hegemonic discourses and Foundation Dag Hammarskjöld 2012 no. 60 | august dialogue Years development 50 paradigms in support of democracy, security and human rights. The contributions reflect different perspectives on the Foundation’s unfolding institutional profile, activities and development. In so doing, they document and celebrate various initiatives to keep the values and legacy of the second Secretary-General of the United Nations alive by applying them to 50 Years Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation contemporary issues. development dialogue development dialogue development dialogue is addressed to individuals is intended to provide a free is published by the and organisations in both forum for critical discussion Dag Hammarskjöld the South and the North, of international development Foundation. Copies may be including policy makers, priorities for the 21st century. downloaded or international institutions, obtained from the members of civil society, Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, the media and the research Övre Slottsgatan 2, community. se-753 10 Uppsala, Sweden, fax: +46-18-12 20 72, email: [email protected] website: www.dhf.uu.se Series editor Subscribers are kindly requested Henning Melber to inform the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation of any changes of address Text editing or subscription cancellations. Peter Collenbrander Production, design and layout Editorial office Mattias Lasson The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Övre Slottsgatan 2 Printers SE-753 10 Uppsala, Sweden X-O Graf Tryckeri Phone: +46-(0)18-410 10 00 Uppsala, Sweden, Fax: +46-(0)18-12 20 72 June 2012 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.dhf.uu.se ISSN 0345-2328 ISBN 978-91-85214-68-6 The opinions expressed in the journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation. Development Dialogue is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Development Dialogue is a forum provided by the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation since 1972 for critical discussions of international development priorities and challenges. Its main focus is on North-South relations and alternative perspectives to dominant paradigms. Development Dialogue is published in consecutive numbers on average twice a year. development dialogue no. 60, august 2012 50 Years Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Edited by Henning Melber Congratulatory Messages Jan Eliasson.................................................................................... 5 Juan Somavia ................................................................................. 6 Carlos Lopes ....................................................................................7 “There will always be enough people to fight for a decent future” An Introduction ............................................................................. 8 Henning Melber From the Inside We Must Not Fail! .............................................................................15 Birgitta Dahl “In those days, it was fun to be a Swede” The first decades of The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation ............... 27 Sven Hamrell in conversation with Thomas G. Weiss The Vindication of Triviality ...........................................................49 Manfred Max-Neef The Foundation in the Wooden House ............................................ 59 Louis Emmerij Another Development for Burma – Reflections on 10 years of support to Burma’s democracy movement .................................... 75 Matilda Hald The Foundation at a Crossroads ...................................................... 91 Göran Hydén From the Outside Looking In Convening Thinkers and Doers ......................................................107 Ted Trzyna Tourism, Development and the Foundation ...................................119 Andrew Wigley “Guerilla Operations for the Survival of Mankind”: The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and Global Civil Society in the Age of Third Worldism ........................................................ 129 Victor Nemchenok Out of the Ashes: Values, Otherness, and the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation .......... 171 Mie-Na Srein From the Network: Security (Re-)Examined The Crisis of Environment and Social Reproduction: Understanding their Linkages ........................................................175 Maria S. Floro A Word on UN Responsibility Towards the Responsibility to Protect .......................................... 199 Phyllis Bennis A 50th Anniversary Roundtable Debate “To Save Us From Hell” – An Introduction ...................................211 Henning Melber Security and Development: Conflict Prevention, Mediation, Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Justice ...................................... 223 Lena Ag / Martti Ahtisaari / Lakhdar Brahimi / Francis Deng / Jan Eliasson / Angela Ndinga Muvumba / Marie Tuma Notes on Contributors ................................................................... 252 Congratulatory Messages On 18 September 2011 I had the special privilege to present the annual Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture in Uppsala, exactly 50 years after the untimely death of the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. Another rewarding experience was for me to participate in a public round table debate on Security and Development organized by the Foundation on 2 March 2012, on the very day 50 years after it was established in the name of Dag Hammarskjöld. The same day I was appointed as the United Nations Deputy Secretary-General. My close affiliation to global diplomacy and policy making within the United Nations as well as to the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation were thereby in an almost symbolical coincidence documented within a few hours. The Foundation was established only a few months after Dag Hammarskjöld’s death in a plane crash near Ndola in Northern Rhodesia. A hitherto singular act of popular support ensured through a campaign among the Swedish people an initial endowment fund. Ordinary citizens from all walks of life donated the funds for the first programme activities. Since then the funds were provided mainly through state authorities and hence remain part of the Swedish taxpayers’ contributions to civil society. The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation has since then paid tribute to one of the internationally best-known and most respected Swedish civil servants, who combined his local roots with truly cosmopolitan orientations. For many of my generation, Dag Hammarskjöld has been a role model and a source of inspiration - representing a Swedish culture and tradition we can proudly associate with. During the last half century the Foundation has in many ways promoted a noble legacy with great relevance today. Its efforts in keeping the values and ethics of Dag Hammarskjöld alive have resulted in a variety of engagements and global networks. The themes pursued are mainly seeking to strengthen and improve North-South relations, the global governance system of the United Nations and the normative frameworks in promotion and protection of human security, social justice, peace and development. Through often un-conventional initiatives and reflections, the modestly equipped idea-based institution manages to add value, enrich debate and provide alternative discourses. We need such constructive second opinions to find the best solutions for the numerous global problems and challenges we are facing. As a Swedish and international civil servant I am proudly associated with this Foundation, which I wish the very best for the next 50 years ahead. Jan Eliasson, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations In 1972 at a meeting of the Economic Commission for Latin America in Santiago, I met Sven Hamrell and Marc Nerfin. It was complicity at first sight. We shared values and visions and the will to act for a fairer world. I was in charge of regional economic integration in the Government of Salvador Allende. Little did I know then that with the military coup d’état in Chile 1973, my early career representing the Government of Chile would come to an abrupt end. Another, unforeseen, chapter of my life started: exile, not least affected and subsequently shaped through my encounter with Sven Hamrell, then Executive Director of The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation. The shelter provided through an involvement in the Foundation’s activities, and also as a member of the Executive Committee of the International Foundation for Development Alternatives (IFDA) in Nyon, Switzerland, headed by Marc Nerfin and on the Advisory Committee of Development Dialogue, opened new avenues, engagements and possibilities. Ever since then, my further professional life was in some way inspired by these encounters and their consequences. You never forget those who helped in your difficult moments. It was also a moment to be inspired by Dag Hammarskjöld’s life and the Swedish tradition of solidarity and its capacity to stimulate alternative thinking. The Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Transnacionales (ILET) and the Comisión Sudamericana de Paz were born out of those values. I have fond memories of the office of the Foundation’s secretariat in Geijersgården, where I did not only find a temporary place to work. The couch in the corner office on the first floor