INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO in affiliation with the PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY MARIANUM ROME, ITALY By: Stuart Schafer The Dwelling of God The Theology behind Marian Ark of the Covenant Typology of the First Millennium Volume 1 of 2 Chapters Figures and Tables A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctorate of Sacred Theology with specialization in Marian Studies Director: Bertrand Buby, SM Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton OH 45469-1390 2020 Vidimus et approbamus: Bertrand Buby, S.M., S.T.D. – Director Johann Roten, S.M., S.T.D – Revisore Sebastien Abalodo, S.M., S.T.D – Revisore Daytonensis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum, die 23 Novembri 2020. The Dwelling of God: The Theology Behind Marian Ark of the Covenant Typology of the First Millennium Table of Contents Chapter 1. Background .................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Outline ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Status Quaestionis .................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Goal ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Critical Terms ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 The Ark of the Covenant ............................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Typology ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.3 Shekinah ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.4.4. Biblical Verbs of Dwelling As Applied to Ark Typology ........................................... 16 Chapter 2. Scriptural, Patristic, and Liturgical Evidence ........................................................... 18 2.1 The Lucan Infancy Narrative ................................................................................................ 18 2.1.1 Lucan Links to the Ark ................................................................................................ 18 2.1.2 Eschatological Joy ....................................................................................................... 23 2.1.3 Lucan Allusions to the Historical Books...................................................................... 30 2.1.4 Objections to Lucan Allusions ..................................................................................... 32 2.1.5 Summaries ................................................................................................................... 39 2.2 The Prologue of John ............................................................................................................ 42 Table 2.1 Brown's Division of Jn 1 ........................................................................... 42 Table 2.2 Modified Division of Jn 1 ......................................................................... 42 2.2.1 Johannine Incarnational References ............................................................................. 43 2.2.2 Dwelling and Glory of God ......................................................................................... 44 Table 2.3 Jn 1:9 ........................................................................................................ 45 Table 2.4 Jn 1:4-5 ..................................................................................................... 45 2.2.2.1 Creation and Re-creation .................................................................................... 45 Table 2.5 Serra's Schema of Jn 1-2 Day Sequence .................................................... 45 2.2.2.2 Shekinah and Presence of the Divine Persons ..................................................... 46 2.2.2.2.1 The Son ...................................................................................................... 47 Table 2.6 The Word Before Time and In Time ......................................................... 47 2.2.2.2.2 The Holy Spirit .......................................................................................... 48 2.2.2.3 Objections ........................................................................................................... 49 2.2.2.4 Summaries .......................................................................................................... 51 2.2.3 Commonalities with Luke ............................................................................................ 51 2.3 The Woman of Revelation .................................................................................................... 53 Table 2.7 Eschatological Fulfillment in Rv 10 .......................................................... 54 2.3.1 Commonalities with Luke and John ............................................................................. 54 Table 2.8 Sections in Rv 11-12 ................................................................................. 54 2.3.2 Divine Maternity.......................................................................................................... 55 Table 2.9 Le Frois' Phases in Rv 11-12 ..................................................................... 55 Table 2.10 Le Frois' Cycles in Rv 11-12 ................................................................... 55 Table 2.11 Recategorization of Jn 1 Into Cycles ....................................................... 56 2.3.2.1 Individual and Collective .................................................................................... 56 2.3.2.2 Marian Role of Motherhood ..................................................................................... 58 2.3.2.3 Summary .................................................................................................................. 58 2.3.3 Alternative Birth .......................................................................................................... 58 2.3.3.1 Birth to Death ..................................................................................................... 59 2.3.3.2 The Johannine Woman ........................................................................................ 59 2.3.4 Marian OT Allusions ................................................................................................... 60 2.3.5 Ark Vocabulary ........................................................................................................... 62 Table 2.12 Kraugh% in Ezr 3 ..................................................................................... 63 2.3.6 Objections .................................................................................................................... 64 2.3.6.1 Aune's Objections ............................................................................................... 65 2.3.6.2 Gollinger's Objections ......................................................................................... 66 2.3.7 Observations ................................................................................................................ 70 The Dwelling of God: The Theology Behind Marian Ark of the Covenant Typology of the First Millennium 2.4 Patristic and Liturgical References ....................................................................................... 73 2.4.1 Ark Allusions in Marian Apocrypha ............................................................................ 74 2.4.1.1 Evaluation of Marian Apocrypha ........................................................................ 75 2.4.2 Patristic Era and Liturgical Ark Associations .............................................................. 75 2.4.2.1 Mother of Christ as Ark ...................................................................................... 76 2.4.2.2 Mary as Animate Realization of the Ark ............................................................. 78 2.4.2.3 Mary as Pure like the Ark ................................................................................... 78 2.4.2.4 Mary as Protection like the Ark .......................................................................... 78 2.4.2.5 Various Expressions of Mary as Light ................................................................ 79 2.4.3 Paeans of Praise ........................................................................................................... 81 2.4.4 Specific Old Testament Ark References Cited ............................................................. 82 2.4.5 Liturgy of Mary Type of the Old Ark .......................................................................... 83 2.4.6 Marian Dwelling of God References based on Ex 25 and Psalms ...............................