contributions of the American EntomoIogicaI Institute Volume 3, Number 2, 1968 MOSQUITO STUDIES (Diptera, Culicidae) VIII. A prodrome of the genus Orthopodomyia. By Thomas J. Zavortink CONTRIBUTIONS of the AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE The Contributions are for larder papers on insects. Each paper is a separate number, with separate pagination and index. Separate numbers aggregating about 500 pages constitute a volume. Issues appear irregularly, as suitable manuscripts are available. Copies are sold separately or in subscriptions to complete volumes. Complete volumes are $12.00. The price of separate numbers varies. Subscribers are billed for each volume with its beginning number, and receive the parts as issued. Orders for separate numbers that total less than $8.00 must be accompanied by payment. Address orders or correspondence to the American Entomological Institute, 5950 Warren Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, U. S. A. Parts of Volume 1, with prices No. 1. Dasch, Clement E., 1964. The Neotropic Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). 75 pages, 69 figures. Price: $2.25, postpaid No. 2. Mosquito Studies (Diptera, Culicidae), 1965. I. Belkin, John N. , g al. A project for a systematic study of the mosquitoes of Middle America. II. Belkin, John N., --et al. Methods for the collection, rearing and preservation of mosquitoes. 78 pages, 4 figures. Price: $2.25, postpaid No. 2a. Same as no. 2, but in Spanish. Price: $2.25, postpaid No. 3. Matthews, Robert W., 1965. The biology of Heriades carinata Cresson. (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) 33 pages, 23 figures. Price:O,postpaid No. 4. Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae), 1965. III. Ramalingam, Shivaji, and John N. Belkin. Two new Aedes from Tonga and Samoa. IV. Belkin, John N. The mosquitoes of the Robinson-Peabody Museum of Salem expedi- tion to the southwest Pacific, 1956. 34 pages, 3 figures. Price: $1.00, postpaid No. 5. Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae), 1965. V. 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A prodrome of the genus Orthopodomyia. 221 pages, 41 figures. Price: $6.75, postpaid Contributions of the American En tordogiccd Institute Volume 3, Number 2, 1968 MOSQUITO STUDIES (Diptera, Culicidae) VIII. A prodrome of the genus Orthopodomyia. By Thomas J. Zavortink MOSQUITO STUDIES (Diptera, Culicidae) VIII. A PRODROME OF THE GENUS ORTHOPODOMYIA ’ BY Thomas J. Zavortink2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................... 2 HISTORY ............................. 4 MORPHOLOGY. .......................... 6 BIOLOGYANDECOLOGY ...................... 8 DISEASE RELATIONSHIPS AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ....... 9 DISTRIBUTION. .......................... 10 SYSTEMATICS ........................... 10 TAXONOMIC TREATMENT ..................... 13 Genus Orthopodomyia ...................... 14 Bancroftia Section ..................... 22 Signifera Group. .................... 24 Signifera Subgroup ................. 30 1. Orthopodomyia waverleyi ........... 31 2. Orthopodomyia signifera ’ ........... 3 5 3. Orthopodomyia alba .............. 47 Pulchripalpis Subgroup 4. Orthopodomyia pulchripalpis ......... 52 Kummi Subgroup .................. 58 5. Orthopodomyia species 5 ........... 58 6. Orthopodomyia kummi ............ 60 Albicosta Group 7.‘ Orthopodomyia albicosta ........... 66 Thomasina Section ..................... 71 8. Orthopodomyia fascipes. ........... 75 9. Orthopodomyia sampaioi ........... 82 1 Contribution from project “Mosquitoes of Middle America” supported by U. S. Public Health Service Research Grant AI-04379 and U. S. Army Medical Research and Development Command Research Contract DA-49-193-MD-2478. Based on PhD dissertation submitted to the University of California, Los Ange- les and supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Training Grant TI-AI- 132 and National Science Foundation Grant GB 3871. 2 Department of Zoology, University of California, Los Angeles, Califor- nia 90024. Zavortink: Genus Orthopodomyia 3 relationships among the species. The purpose, then, of the present study is to revise this genus from the world standpoint on the basis of data from all known stages in the life cycle. To achieve this end, species have been delimited on the basis of morphological, ecological and distributional data and arranged into a classification which, it is hoped, is consistent with the evolution of the group. Descriptions and illustra- tions of all known stages of all species and descriptions of all higher taxa are provided, keys to these taxa are included, data on the distribution and bionom- its of each taxon are summarized, and speculations on the affinities of the var- ious taxa are made. Material for this study was first sorted to geographical origin and larval habitat and then tentatively identified with existing keys or descriptions. I have been fortunate in having either paratypic or topotypic material of a large num- ber of species available for examination. My general procedure for any par- ticular species was to first study this paratypic or topotypic material in consid- erable detail. Then, when they existed and specimens were available, species sympatric with the one being studied at or near its type locality were examined. This process, essentially a reversion to that of the local naturalist dealing with nondimensional species, was necessary to obtain an appreciation of the funda- mental morphological differences between undisputed, sympatric species. Only then were additional specimens, tentatively identified as being the species in question, compared with the paratypic or topotypic material and a decision made on the basis of morphological, ecological and geographical data as to whether or not these individuals came from conspecific populations. This en- tire process, when performed for each species, becomes somewhat self-cor- recting and leads to a general refinement of ones’ concepts of the species in- volved. After species were delimited and diagnosed, they were grouped into higher taxa of various levels on the basis of morphological similarity. Many of the groupings are tentative only; until all the stages in the life cycle are known for most species it will not be possible to construct a classification accurately re- flecting the various affinities within the group. I have examined specimens representing all previously described nominal species except geberti, mcgregori and nkolbissonensis. Material contained in the following institutions or private collections was studied: Bernice P. Bishop Museum; British Museum (Natural History); California Academy of Sciences; Canadian National Collection; Centre Scientifique et Technique, Bondy, France; Cornell University; Fred Harmston; Instituto Oswald0 Cruz; Instituto de Salu- bridad y Enfermedadas Tropicales, Mexico City, Mexico; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Antonio Martinez; Museo Firenze; South East Asian Mos- quito Project, Washington, D. C .; United States National Museum; Universidad de Sao Paulo; University of California at Davis; University of California at Los Angeles; University of Utah. Six of these collections deserve special mention because they have been particularly vital to this study. The collections of the British Museum (Natu- ral History) and United States National Museum have been most important be- cause of their broad representation of species and accumulation of lectotypes and holot ype s. The excelent collection of William W. Macdonald has been in- strumentaf. in the treatment of the Oriental species because of its high quality and great number of adults with associated larval and pupal skins. Important also in the study of the Oriental species was the collection amassed by the South East Asian Mosquito