The Mantle of Mars: Insights from Theory, Geophysics, High-Pressure Studies, and Meteorites Program and Abstract Volume LPI Contribution No. 1684 The Mantle of Mars: Insights from Theory, Geophysics, High-Pressure Studies, and Meteorites October 10–12, 2012 • Houston, Texas Sponsors Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute Jet Propulsion Laboratory Conveners Jim Papike University of New Mexico Charles Shearer University of New Mexico Dave Beaty Jet Propulsion Laboratory Scientific Organizing Committee Bruce Banerdt, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Dave Beaty, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lars Borg, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Linda Elkins-Tanton, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington Yingwei Fei, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington Jim Papike, University of New Mexico Kevin Righter, NASA Johnson Space Center Charles Shearer, University of New Mexico Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Contribution No. 1684 Compiled in 2012 by Meeting and Publication Services Lunar and Planetary Institute USRA Houston 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston TX 77058-1113 The Lunar and Planetary Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this volume are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (2012) Title of abstract. In Mantle of Mars: Insights from Theory, Geophysics, High-Pressure Studies, and Meteorites, p. XX. LPI Contribution No. 1684, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. ISSN No. 0161-5297 Preface This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the workshop on Mantle of Mars: Insights from Theory, Geophysics, High-Pressure Studies, and Meteorites, September 10–12, 2012, Houston, Texas. Administration and publications support for this meeting were provided by the staff of the Meeting and Publication Services Department at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. The Mantle of Mars: Insights from Theory, Geophysics, High-Pressure Studies, and Meteorites v Contents Program ........................................................................................................................................................................ ix Heterogeneous Mars: Evidence from New Unique Martian Meteorite NWA 7034 C. Agee ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Constraints on the Composition and Evolution of the Martian Mantle from the Isotopic Systematics of Basaltic Meteorites L. Borg, S. Symes, N. Marks, A. Gaffney, and C. Shearer ............................................................................... 2 How and When Did the Mars Mantle Acquire Highly Sidorophile Elements? A. D. Brandon, I. S. Puchtel, and R. J. Walker ................................................................................................ 3 Impact of Anelasticity on Mars' Dissipative Properties — Application to the InSight Mission J. C. Castillo-Rogez and W. B. Banerdt .......................................................................................................... 4 Mars Internal Structure Derived from MGS Magnetic Data F. Civet and P. Tarits ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Anhydrous Melting of a Primitive Martian Mantle: New Experiments at 1–2 GPa M. Collinet, E. Médard, J. Vander Auwera, and B. Charlier .......................................................................... 6 Is Martian Mantle too Reduced to Allow Carbonated Silicate Melt Generation? R. Dasgupta ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 What Do Radiogenic Isotopes in Shergottites and Nakhlites Tell Us About the Martian Mantle? V. Debaille and A. D. Brandon ....................................................................................................................... 8 Sulfur Concentration of Martian Magmas at Sulfide Saturation as a Function of Depth S. D. Ding and R. D. Dasgupta ....................................................................................................................... 9 Review of the Role of Garnet in the Martian Mantle D. S. Draper .................................................................................................................................................. 10 Constraints on the Depths and Thermal Vigor of Basalt Formation in the Martian Mantle J. Filiberto and R. Dasgupta ......................................................................................................................... 11 Constraints on Mars Mantle Redox Conditions from Studies of Martian Meteorites: A Review C. D. K. Herd ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Constraints on the Mineralogy of Mantle Source Regions of Primary Shergottite Magmas A. J. Irving ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 Rare Earth Element Fractionations During SNC Petrogenesis J. H. Jones ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Space and Earth Crystal Chemistry and Mineralogy Impact in Future Research and Innovation 21 Century A H. Khan ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 The Thermochemical Evolution of the Martian Mantle: Alkali Abundances and Their Effects on the Mantle Solidus and Magma Production Rate over Time W. S. Kiefer, J. Filiberto, and C. Sandu ........................................................................................................ 16 vi LPI Contribution No. 1684 Martian Mantle Dynamics Constrained by Geological and Geophysical Observations S. D. King, P. Sekhar, and K. K. Cheung ...................................................................................................... 17 Martian Mantle: Its Chemistry Repeats a Tendency of the Dichotomous Martian Crust G. G. Kochemasov ......................................................................................................................................... 18 Constraints on Mars Mantle Evolution from Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf Isotope Compositions of Shergottites and ALH 84001 T. J. Lapen, M. Righter, and R. Andreasen ................................................................................................... 19 Possible Volatile Containing Phases in the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle of Mars: Inferences from Martian Meteorites and Experimental Petrology F. M. McCubbin and S. M. Elardo ................................................................................................................ 20 Mars Mantle Convection: Influence of Phase Transitions on Core Activity N. C. Michel, O. Forni, and S. A. Hauck ....................................................................................................... 21 Martian Igneous Geochemistry: The Nature of the Martian Mantle D. W. Mittlefehldt, L. T. Elkins-Tanton, Z. X. Peng, and J. S. Herrin ........................................................... 22 Experimental Martian Eclogite: REE Crystal Chemistry Using a Spiked QUE 94201 Composition J. J. Papike, P. V. Burger, and C. K. Shearer ............................................................................................... 23 Water in Pyroxene and Olivine from Martian Meteorites A. H. Peslier .................................................................................................................................................. 24 Identification and Mapping of Olivine, Anorthosite and SNC-Like Materials on Mars: Insights to Mantle Reservoirs F. Poulet, A. Ody, and J. Carter .................................................................................................................... 25 Metal-Silicate Partitioning of Siderophile Elements: Application to Core-Mantle Differentiation in Mars N. Rai and W. van Westrenen ........................................................................................................................ 26 Crystallization of Y980459 at 0.5 GPa: Are Residual Liquids Similar to QUE 94201 J. F. Rapp and D. S. Draper .......................................................................................................................... 27 Siderophile Element Constraints on the Conditions of Core Formation in Mars K. Righter and M. Humayun ......................................................................................................................... 28 Redox Systematics