Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51426-2 — Anemia with Online Resource Edited by Edward J. Benz, Jr. , Nancy Berliner , Fred J. Schiffman Index More Information Index aAA. See acquired aplastic clinical significance of, 187 through RBC transfusion, anemia of inflammation, 169 anemia dementia, 187 175 anemia of prematurity, 34 abdomen, physical examination epidemiology of, 185–6 with rhEPO, 172, 174–7 anemias. See also clinical of, 32 inflammation and, 186–7 pathogenesis of, 172–3 approaches; specific ABO incompatibility, 36 hepcidin levels, 186 pathophysiology, 198 anemias HSCT and, 181 leptin protein, 186 therapy-related toxicity causes of, xi, 1 acanthocytes, 27 MIF, 186 grading, 172 through blood loss, 24 ACD. See anemia of chronic TNF-α, 186 transfusion, 175 classification of, 24 inflammation vitamin D deficiency, 186–7 anemia of chronic inflammation through MCV, 24 ACI. See anemia of chronic management strategies, 187–8 (ACI) clinical definitions of, xi, 23 inflammation prevalence of, 185 cancer and, 172 comorbidities with, xi acquired aplastic anemia (aAA), aHUS. See atypical hemolytic case study for, 153–4 defined, 172, 185 128–32. See also uremic syndrome clinical presentation, 152–3, diagnostic approach, 23–4 paroxysmal nocturnal AIHA. See autoimmune 194 through bone marrow hemoglobinuria hemolytic anemia critical illness with, 151 aspirate specimens, 24 bone marrow with, 128 alcohol use, non-megaloblastic cytokines, 196 through peripheral blood clinical presentation of, 129 macrocytic anemias diagnostic evaluation, 153, smears, 24–5, 29 clonal hematopoiesis and, 129 from, 63 194–5 future approaches to, 230–3 diagnostic evaluation of, alemtuzumab, 134 epidemiology, 150–1 hemoglobin deficiency in, xi 129–30 ALI. See acute lung injury autoimmune diseases, 150 hyperproliferative, 29. See also epidemiology of, 128 Alpha-thalassemia, 53–6 from infections, 150 specific anemias etiology of, 128 causes of, 53 erythropoiesis, 196, 198 hypoproliferative, 24–9. See laboratory findings for, 129–30 Hb Barts hydrops fetalis etiology, 150–1 also specific anemias pathophysiology, 128–9 syndrome, 55–6 in general population, 150 leukemias and, xi prognosis, 129 diagnosis of, 55 hepcidin expression, 195–6 mild, 1 severity grading of, 131 epidemiology of, 55 incidence rates for, 151 multiple myelomas and, xi treatment, 129–32 prevention of, 55–6 iron, 196 overview of, 229–30 through BMT, 130–1 HbH disease, 53–5 lab findings, 153, 194–5 prevalence rates, 23 eltrombopag therapy, 132 clinical vignette for, 54–5 pathophysiology, 151–2, 195–6 risk factors for, xi IST, 131 diagnosis of, 54 erythrocyte turnover, 152 individual, 2 second-line therapies, 131–2 hematologic data on, 54 erythropoiesis, 196, 198 severe, 1 acquired sideroblastic anemias, nondeletional, 53 hepcidin regulation, 152, symptoms of, 1 44 syndromes, 54–5 195–6 antibiotics, after splenectomy, causes of, 45 treatment of, 54 hypoferremia, 152 225 pathophysiology, 44–5 traits of, 53 hypoproliferative effects, anticonvulsants, 31 prognosis of, 46 amegakaryocytic 151–2 antithymocyte globulin (ATG), treatment of, 46 thrombocytopenia, 148 inflammatory cytokines, 131 acquired stomatocytosis, 106 anemia in cancer patients, 172 151–2 aplasia, 133–4 acute chest syndrome (ACS), 68, ACI and, 172 iron metabolism, 196 aplastic anemia, 128–32 73 chemotherapy-associated iron-restricted asplenia. See functional asplenia acute hemolytic transfusion anemia, 220–1 erythropoiesis, 152 ATG. See antithymocyte globulin reactions, 208–9 diagnosis of, 173–5 pro-inflammatory atypical hemolytic uremic acute large volume blood loss, differential, 174 cytokines, 196 syndrome (aHUS), 202 iron deficiency in, 174 RA and, 150 113–14 acute lung injury (ALI), 211 epidemiology, 172 soluble transferrin receptor clinical presentation of, 117 acute PCH, 93 erythropoietin therapy for, 175 and, 153 complement defects, 114 Acute Vaso-Occlusive Crisis etiology of, 172–3 treatment and prognosis, 153, diagnostic evaluation, 118 (VOC), 66 evaluation of, 173–5 198–9 laboratory findings, 118 aging, anemia of management of, 175–7 with ESA, 198–9 pathophysiology, 116 234 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51426-2 — Anemia with Online Resource Edited by Edward J. Benz, Jr. , Nancy Berliner , Fred J. Schiffman Index More Information Index renal transplantation for, 120 blood transfusions. See also red non-megaloblastic macrocytic chronic leg ulcers. See leg ulcers treatment for, 120 cell transfusion therapy; anemias, 65 chronic liver disease, 196–8 auto-antibodies, in PCH, 92 transfusion reactions red cell transfusion therapy, chronic obstructive pulmonary autoimmune hemolytic anemia for anemia in cancer patients, 205 disease (COPD), 63 (AIHA). See also cold 175 for sideroblastic anemias, 47 chronic PCH, 93 agglutinin disease; for CAD, 91 CD47 proteins, 20–1 chronic renal disease, 196 paroxysmal cold ESA therapy as alternative to, central nervous system, with CKD. See chronic kidney disease hemoglobinuria; warm 221 SCD, 69–70 classical PNH, 138 AIHA for malaria treatment, 111 brain issues, 69 treatment for, 139 classification of, 84–5 of RBCs, xi eye issues, 69–70 clindamycin, 124 epidemiology, 84 for Beta-thalassemia major, neurocognitive impairments, clinical approaches, to anemias, HSCT and, 182 50–1 69 30–3 during pregnancy, 191 engineered stem cells in, xi CFU-E. See colony forming through medical history, 30–2 prevalence of, 85 twin-twin, 35 units-erythroid current medications, 31 splenectomy for, 223 WAIHA and, 87 chaperone proteins, 8 family history factors, 31–2 autoimmune TTP, 113 BMSC. See bone marrow stromal chemotherapy-associated gynecological history avascular necrosis (AVN), 70, 73 cells anemia, 220–1 factors, 31 azathioprine, 93 BMT. See bone marrow CHF. See chronic heart failure for past illnesses, 31 AZT. See zidovudine transplantation childhood anemias. See also for present illnesses, 30 bone marrow hemolytic anemia in social history factors, 31 babesiosis, 25, 123, 205, 212 EPO in, 23 children surgical history factors, 31 bacterial infectious disease, 194 HIV associated with anemia, anemia of prematurity, 34 systems review in, 30–1 Barts hydrops fetalis syndrome, 168 DIHA, 96 through physical examination, Hemoglobin, 55–6 marrow suppression and, general considerations for, 32–3 diagnosis, 55 167–8 34–5 of abdomen, 32 epidemiology, 55 sideroblastic anemias and, hemoglobin abnormalities as of cardiovascular systems, prevention of, 55–6 45–6 factor in, 34 32 basophilic stippling, 24–5 transplantation of, for Beta- in infants. See also specific of extremities, 33 Beta-thalassemia, 49–53 thalassemia major, 51–2 anemias of genitourinary system, deletions as cause of, 49 bone marrow aspirate specimens, causes of, 35 33 dominant, 49 24 physiologic anemia of of HEENT, 30–2 HbE form, 53 bone marrow failure infancy, 34 of neck, 32 intermedia form, 52–3 acquired, 128–32 neonatal hemolytic anemia of neurological systems, 33 mutations of, 49 congenital, 143–8 due to maternal of pulmonary system, 32 silent, 49 bone marrow stromal cells alloimmunization, 35–6 of skin, 32 pathophysiology, 49 (BMSC), 198 ABO incompatibility as of vital signs, 32 traits of, 49–50 bone marrow transplantation cause of, 36 clopidogrel, 116 clinical vignettes, 49–50 (BMT) HDN as factor in, 35–6 clostridial sepsis, hemolytic Beta-thalassemia major, 50–2 for aAA, 130–1 neonatal hemorrhagic anemia, anemia from, 123–4 clinical vignette for, 52 HSCT and, anemia after, 182 35 clinical features, 123–4 complication of, 50–2 for PNH, 141 fetal maternal hemorrhage pathophysiology, 123–4 endocrinopathy and, 51 brain issues, with SCD, 69 and, 35 treatment of, 124 extramedullary hematopoiesis burr cells, 24–5 from twin-twin codocytes, 24–5 and, 51 burst forming units-erythroid transfusions, 35 cognitive deficiencies, 1 growth delay and, 51 (BFU-E), 6, 14, 198 from nutritional deficiencies, cold agglutinin disease (CAD), from iron overload, 51 36 89–92 management of, 50–2 Cabot rings, 24–5 iron deficiency, 36, 41 associated conditions, 90 osteoporosis and, 51 CAD. See cold agglutinin disease vitamin B12 deficiency, 36 clinical features, 92 preventive programs, 52 CAMT. See congenital physiologic anemia of Coombs test, 89 treatment of, 51 amegakaryocytic childhood, 35 laboratory features, 89 through bone-marrow thrombocytopenia RBC characteristics for, 35 management of, 91–2 transplantation, 51–2 cancer. See anemia in cancer from RBC hypoplastic with cold avoidance, 90 through disease-modifying patients disorders, 38 with pharmacologic therapy, therapies, 51–2 cardiac valves. See prosthetic DBA, 38 91–2 transfusions in, 50–1 cardiac valves TEC of childhood, 38 with RBC transfusions, 91 BFU-E. See burst forming units- cardiovascular systems red cell transfusion therapy steroid therapy, 92 erythroid physical examination of, 32 for, 205 mechanism of hemolysis, 90 bilirubin levels, 12 with SCD, 70 chimerism, 180 cold agglutinins, 89–90 biosynthesis, hemoglobin and, cART. See combined anti- chromosomal fragility, 129–30. cold AIHA. See cold agglutinin 6–8 retroviral therapy See also Diamond- disease bite cells, 24–5 case studies Blackfan anemia cold avoidance, 90 blister cells, 24–5 ACI, 153–4 chronic blood loss. See blood loss colony forming units-erythroid blood loss, 24 DIHA, 97–8 chronic heart failure (CHF), 198 (CFU-E), 6, 14, 198 acute large volume, 202 megaloblastic macrocytic chronic kidney disease (CKD), combined anti-retroviral therapy chronic, 41 anemias, 64–5 220 (cART), 167, 169–70 235 © in this web service