Issue 74 Spring 2014 Issn 1476-6760 Sutapa Dutta on Identifying Mother India in Bankimchandra Chatterjee’s Novels Rene Kollar on Convents, the Bible, and English Anti- Catholicism in the Nineteenth Century Alyssa Velazquez on Tupperware: An Open Container During a Decade of Containment Plus Twenty-one book reviews Getting to know each other Committee News www.womenshistorynetwork.org First Call for Papers HOME FRONTS: GENDER, WAR AND CONFLICT Women’s History Network Annual Conference 5-7 September 2014 at the University of Worcester Offers of papers are invited which draw upon the perspectives of women’s and gender history to discuss practical and emotional survival on the Home Front during war and conflict. Contributions of papers on a range of topics are welcome and may, for example, explore one of the following areas: • Food, domesticity, marriage and the ordinariness of everyday life on the Home Front • The arts, leisure and entertainment during military conflict • Women’s working lives on the Home Front • Shifting relations of power around gender, class, ethnicity, religion or politics • Women’s individual or collective strategies and tactics for survival in wartime • Case studies illuminating the particularity of the Home Front in cities, small towns or rural areas • Outsiders on the Home Front including Image provided by - The Worcestershire Archive and Archaeology Service attitudes to prisoners of war, refugees, immigrants and travellers • Comparative Studies of the Home Front across time and geographical location • Representation, writing and remembering the Home Front Although the term Home Front was initially used during the First World War, and the conference coincides with the commemorations marking the centenary of the beginning of this conflict, we welcome papers which explore a range of Home Fronts and conflicts, across diverse historical periods and geographical areas. Abstracts of no more than 300 words should be sent electronically to: [email protected] by 1 April 2014. For further details visit: www.worcester.ac.uk/discover/home-fronts-gender-war-and-conflict or www.womenshistorynetwork.org Editorial elcome to the Spring 2014 issue of Women’s History The final article, from Alyssa Velazquez, moves to WMagazine. This is a special issue which focusses a very different place, this time post-war America and on book reviews. There is so much excellent work being the rise of the Tupperware industry. This article raised published in the field of women’s history that we have childhood memories of the ‘Tupperware’ lady in our street been building up quite a collection of reviews waiting for whose parties my own mother would sometimes attend, publication. Most issues give priority to articles and the returning with plastic bowls with their famous ‘burp’ space for book reviews has been curtailed, but in this issue seals and (in my memory) a rather odd smell. Velazquez the situation is reversed. We hope you enjoy the reviews and examines how Tupperware became a tool in the US post- find among them a least a couple which whet your appetite. war project to re-domesticate its women-folk. Marketed as The reviews cover a wide range of subjects and an essential addition to any respectable woman’s kitchen, individuals, including several biographies. Two investigate Tupperware , argues Velazquez, was aspirational. But it was how women’s own stories are hidden behind those of their the marketing strategy that was probably more influential husbands: pioneering archaeologist Tessa Verney Wheeler in resettling American women in the home. Under the gaze and Eslanda Cardozo Goode, the wife of Paul Robeson, of the indefatigable Brownie Wise (the company’s original are the focus here; a third presents a biography of novelist Tupperware Lady), women across the United States were Olivia Manning; while another recounts the experiences of recruited to the cause of selling the company’s products Adelaide Lubbock who worked for the Allies in Austria in the from within their own homes. immediate aftermath of World War Two. As usual this issue also contains news from the Examination of relationships is a theme shared by two network and a profile of one the Network’s members, Lesley books: between siblings in Georgian England, and between Hall, in the ‘Getting to Know You’ column. This is your a group of English women and a male relative who lived in magazine and we welcome articles, both long and short, China in the second half of the nineteenth century. Slavery which explore women’s history in its many guises: send in nineteenth-century Cuba, a history of midwifery in submissions to the [email protected]. Scotland, education of journalists in 1920s and ’30s London This is my (Sue’s) final issue as a member of the editorial and a previously lost account of religious and domestic life team. It has been a privilege to have been involved and I in eighteenth-century Ireland provide an indication of the am going to miss the exposure to new scholarship, as it first breadth and depth of current women’s history scholarship. arrives ‘in the office’. I would like to thank all the authors I The collection of reviews includes two longer essays have worked with over the last four years or so, and wish the by Clare Mulley and Cheryl Law. Mulley reviews recent editorial team (and my replacement Rachel Rich) the best of scholarship on the subject of twentieth-century female luck for the future. spies, some of whose work has never before been widely acknowledged. Law’s article focuses on books which reveal Editorial Team: Katie Barclay, Lucy Bland, Sue Hawkins, insights into how three individuals from different times and Anne Logan, Kate Murphy, Rachel Rich and Emma circumstances used their personal and public personas to Robertson. negotiate territory for themselves as women. Despite this bumper crop of reviews we still have Contents space for three fascinating articles. The first is from Sutapa Identifying Mother India in Bankimchandra Dutta, who takes us into the nineteenth-century world of Chatterjee’s Novels ......................................................4 Bengali author, Bankimchandra Chatterjee. She explores Convents, the Bible, and English Anti-Catholicism in Bankim’s novels, and how he attempts to use this literary the Nineteenth Century. ............................................11 form to examine a new type of citizenship in India, in the Tupperware: An Open Container During a Decade of face of growing resistance to British colonialism. Bankim’s Containment ..............................................................19 use of powerful central female characters was instrumental, Book Reviews ...................................................................27 according to Dutta, in questioning the limits of accepted Getting to Know Each Other ...........................................44 behaviour, and of creating a new identity for a nation in the Membership Announcements .......................................44 making. Prize Announcements .....................................................45 The second article is set in nineteenth-century Committee News .............................................................46 England, but is also interested in how novels can be used to investigate contemporary ideas. Rene Kollar’s article studies representations of the anti-Catholic sentiment of mid-century England in the novels of four women writers, who take suspicion of convents as their central theme. Cover: The focus in each of these novels is the Catholic Church’s Brownie Wise Papers, ‘demonisation’ of the Bible as a dangerous book, barred to Series D, Archives all but priests and bishops. The lead characters in the novels Center, National (all nuns) all come to believe in the power of the Bible and Museum of American reject their Church’s teaching. Ultimately, Kollar argues, History, Smithsonian the authors failed in their campaign to vilify convents and Institution, their inhabitants, as the practical evidence of nuns’ positive Washington, D.C. contribution to society exposed the scaremongering claims of anti-Catholics as nothing more than rhetoric. Editorial Women’s History Magazine 74: Spring 2014 3 Identifying Mother India in Bankimchandra Chatterjee’s Novels Sutapa Dutta Gargi College, University of Delhi iterature, because of its inherent nature of interacting essentially a Western concept and had never existed in India Lwith social space and social relations, plays an important before the late nineteenth century.3 A vague idea of a large role in the formation and representation of identity. Who geographical area variously called Bharatvarsha, Aryavarta writes for whom, and why, has no doubt shaped what has and Jambudvipa did exist in the minds of the people but been written. The strategies, conscious or otherwise, for this was largely a cultural rather than a political entity.4 The identity formation through literature are varied and depend idea of India as a political entity came from the West after on the social, political, or cultural requirements of the time. the British education policy made English the language of In trying to ‘read’ these strategies and methods, one has to higher education in India, and European concepts became be cautious of generalisations and monolithic categories easily available to the educated Indians. The need to define that can either simplify or overlook the complexities and a united self was never felt so acutely as when their identity the differences. Strategies