Social Management Framework for Urban Governance and Development Program: Public Disclosure Authorized Emerging Towns Project (UGDP: ETP) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized <Prepared'6y : ~oject Coordination Office ([)epartment ofVr6an ([)eveCopment aM(BuU4i:no Construction !Ministry ofCl'liysicaC(J'{annino aMWo~ Public Disclosure Authorized (Ba6armalia~ %epaC July, 2011 Foreword The Social Management Framework (SMF) was prepared for the Nepal Urban Governance and Development Program: Emerging Town Project (UGDP: ETP) to be implemented by the six municipalities: ltahari, Mehchinagar, Dhankuta, Lekhnath, Baglung and Tansen. The program is being implemented by MLD, Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC), Town Development Fund (TDF) and the municipalities under the financial support from the World Bank and the technical support from GIZI SlTNAG program. The SMF was prepared with the participation of all the above agencies and departments, who deserve special thanks for their support and cooperation. I would also like to convey my gratitude to the UGDP: ETP and WB Team members, who were always willing and available to assist in conceptualizing the study framework and approach, developing research tools, accessing relevant documents, and providing helpful insights about different issues and thematic areas that needed to be covered under the study. I am particularly thankful to Mr. Hari Prasad Bhattarai, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu who prepared this document. My special thanks are also due to Mr. Puma Kadariya, Secretary, MPPW, Mr. Ashok Nath Upreti, Director General, DUDBC; Mr. Reshmi Raj Pandey, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Local Development; Mr. Sushi I Gyewali, Executive Director, Town Development Fund; Mr. Prakash Raghubanshi, Sr. Planner and Mr. Kiran Giri, Sr. Economist, DUDBC; Mr. Govinda Bahadur Karki, Under Secretary, and Mr. Rishi Raj Acharya, Under Secretary, Ministry of Local Development; Mr. Harka Chettri, Manager and Binod Neupane, Deputy Manager, Town Development Fund; other staff members of DUDBC for their kind support for this study. Similarly, I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to Mr. Bala Krishna Menon, Task Team Leader, Tashi Tenzing (Sr. Sanitory Engineer! co-Team Leader), Elisa Muzzuni (Economist), Drona Ghimire (Environment Specialist), Mr. Satya N. Mishra, Social Development Specialist and Silva Shrestha (Research Analyst), of the World Bank for their substantive inputs and insights on different issues for preparing the study. Similarly, Dr. Horst Matthaeus (Program Manager GIZI SUNAG) and GIZ team are due for appreciation for the support to prepare the SMF. I would also like to acknowledge the cooperation and efforts of the officials of six municipalities, who managed to gather community members-women and men--and their respective organisations, representatives of the political parties, local community structures and government bodies to interact with our Social Safeguards Consultant, often at very short notices, and providing all information required for the study. I appreciate the valuable comments, suggestions and information from all the participants of the central and municipality level stakeholder consultations while collecting the required information and feedbacks on the draft SMF. Similarly, I appreciate the comments provided by the participants of the national workshop before finalizing the report. At the end, I would like to thank all the personnel and organizations who were involved directly or indirectly in preparing this document. Dr. Mahendra Subba Director General Department ofUrban Development and Building Construction Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Government ofNepal July, 2011 2 Abbreviations ADB - Asian Development Bank AP- Affected Persons CBO Community Based Organization CBS- Central Bureau of Statistics CDO- Chief District Officer CDC- Compensation Detennining Committee CFC- Compensation Fixation Committee DAG - Disadvantaged Group DDC - District Development Committee DFO - District Forest Officer DFGG- Demand for Good Governance DUDBC Department of Urban Development and Building Construction FNCCI- Federation of Nepalese Chambers ofCommerce and Industries EA - Executing Agency EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMS - Environmental Management Section EO - Executive Officer EPA - Environmental Protection Act EPR - Environmental Protection Regulations FY - Fiscal Year GEISI - Gender Equality/Social Inclusion GON - Government ofNepal GRC- Grievance Redress Committee HH- Households lEE - Initial Environmental Examination IP - Indigenous People IPP- Indigenous People Plan IR- Involuntary Resettlement IPF - Indigenous People's Framework LA- Land Acquisition LA Act- Land Acquisition Act LBs - Local Bodies LDO - Local Development Officer LGCDP Local Governance and Community Development Program LSGA - Local Self-Governance Act LSGR- Local Self-Governance Regulation MCPM- Minimum Condition and Perfonnance Measures M&E - Monitoring & Evaluation MLD - Ministry of Local Development MPPW- Ministry of Physical Planning and Works MOEST - Ministry of Environment, Science, and Technology MOF - Ministry of Finance NFIN - National Federation of Indigenous Nationalities NGO - Non Government Organization 3 NPC- National Planning Commission PCO- Project Coordination Office PMT - Program Management Team PWD - Public Works Directive RF - Resettlement Framework RAP- Resettlement Action Plan RP- Resettlement Plan R&R- Resettlement and Rehabilitation Ro W - Right-of-Way RUP- Rural Urban Partnership SA - Social Assessment SMF- Social Management Framework TDF - Town Development Fund TLO- Tole Lane Organization TOR - Terms of Reference UDLE- Urban Development through Local Effort VCDP- Vulnerable Community Development Plan VDC - Village Development Committee WB- World Bank © This Report remains the sole property ofthe Government ofNepal and cannot be quoted or used by anyone without prior written permission of the Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW), Government ofNepal except in case ofMr. Hari Prasad Bhattarai, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, who as the author of this report shares the intellectual property rights with the Government ofNepal. 4 Table of Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 3 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 5 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 8 1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND ................................................................................. 9 1.1 UGDP Objectives and Components ................................................................................. 9 1.2 Program Implementing Institutions ................................................................................ 10 1.3 Program Location and Likely Activities ........................................................................ 11 1.4 The Social Management Framework (SMF) .................................................................. 15 1.5 Purpose and Objective of the SMF ................................................................................ 15 1. 6 Development of SMF ..................................................................................................... 16 2. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Desk Study ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Consultation with Stakeholders and Project Site Observation ....................................... l7 PART ONE: SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................ 20 3. SITUATION ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 21 3.1 Socio-cultural Context. ................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Demographic Composition ..................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Civil Society Representation for Marginalized Groups .......................................... 22 3.1.3 Conflict Scenario .................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Institutional Context ....................................................................................................... 26 3.2.1 Transitional Arrangements ...................................................................................... 26 3.2.2 Mechanisms to Ensure Greater Accountability ...................................................... 27 3.2.3 Civil Society Organizations ................................................................................ ".... 27 3.2.4 Community Based Organizations (CBOs) .............................................................. 29 3.3 Historical Context .........................................................................................................