Exploring Global Hedge Accounting Changes and Their Impacts Dan Gentzel, CPA Karen Weller, CTP Managing Director Director Chatham Financial Royal Caribbean Cruises Agenda 1 IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement – Impact on Derivative Valuation and Hedge Accounting 2 Hedge Accounting Policy Election – Deciding Between IAS 39 and IFRS 9 3 Novation of OTC Derivatives to Central Clearing Counterparties 4 Accounting for Futures Contracts 5 Overnight Index Swap Rate (“OIS”) – a New Benchmark Rate 6 Key Hedge Accounting Considerations from IFRS 9 7 Accounting for Costs of Hedging Under IFRS 9 8 Proposed ASU: Accounting for Certain Receive-Variable, Pay-Fixed Interest Rate Swaps 9 The Future of Hedge Accounting Under US GAAP IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement Impact on Derivative Valuation and Hedge Accounting Overview Practical Implications • IFRS 13 is a new accounting standard . Understanding the impact • Effective Jan 1, 2013 . CVA-DVA – complex to calculate • Converged with US GAAP properly • Defines how to measure fair value . Impact on earnings • Modifies definition in IAS 39 . Additional disclosures • Derivatives are impacted . US GAAP – IFRS differences . • Incorporate credit risk Hedge accounting • Use a market participants approach . Choosing an approach • Calculate CVA-DVA . Materiality . Cost / benefit Hedge Accounting Policy Election Deciding Between IAS 39 and IFRS 9 Overview Practical Implications • Macro hedging project . Choosing either IAS 39 or IFRS 9 • Has delayed release of IFRS 9 hedge . How to evaluate accounting guidance . Reasons for IAS 39 • IASB decided to issue separate IFRS . Reasons for IFRS 9 on macro hedging • IASB provided an accounting policy choice until macro hedging standard issued • Continue applying IAS 39 • Adopt IFRS 9 • Under both choices, IAS 39 macro hedging can continue to be applied until new macro hedging IFRS issued Novation of OTC Derivatives to Central Clearing Counterparties Overview Practical Implications • Regulatory changes expected to . Changing a key derivative term increase the need to centrally clear results in end of hedging trades relationship • Central clearing results in a transfer . Leads to off-market redesignations to a new counterparty . Relief provided due to anticipated • Represents change in key term of a rise in central clearing hedging relationship . Actions required to avoid • SEC’s OCA has indicated it would not redesignation view this type of transfer as a change in a key term • IASB amended IAS 39 with similar conclusion Accounting for Futures Contracts Overview Practical Implications • Regulatory changes may cause rise . Hedging costs are increasing in use of exchange traded futures . Evaluating which product to use contracts . Execution costs • Exchange traded futures are not . Margin requirements customizable products . Customization • Exchange traded futures contracts . Hedge ineffectiveness typically require both initial and maintenance margin Overnight Index Swap Rate (“OIS”) A New Benchmark Rate Overview Practical Implications • Risk free rate . Understanding current valuation • Before credit crisis – LIBOR approach • After credit crisis – OIS . Assessing impact of changes • Use OIS based discount factors to . Materiality discount derivative cash flows . Cost / benefit • Change in valuation methodology . Fair value hedges • FASB amended ASC 815 to make . Use of Fed funds derivatives OIS a benchmark interest rate Key Hedge Accounting Considerations from IFRS 9 Overview Practical Implications • New IFRS hedge accounting standard . Benefits • Likely effective January 1, 2016 . Costs / challenges • Early adoption permitted . Timing • Considerations • Risk management objective • Documentation • Hedgeable risks expanded • Aggregated exposures • Rebalancing hedging relationships • Effectiveness testing • Costs of hedging Accounting for Costs of Hedging Under IFRS 9 Overview Practical Implications • Differences between IAS 39 and ASC . Improvement over IAS 39 815 . Record certain changes to OCI • IFRS 9 -“cost of hedging” concept instead of expensing immediately • Time value of options . Systematic and rational basis • Forward element of fx forwards • Currency basis • Similar, not identical to US GAAP Proposed ASU: Accounting for Certain Receive-Variable, Pay-Fixed Interest Rate Swaps Overview Practical Implications • FASB defining “public entity” . Applicability • Proposal by Private Company . Impact Council to simplify hedge accounting . Timing for private companies • Provide a simplified accounting approach for a specific hedging strategy • Proposing “simplified shortcut” method • Sent to FASB for endorsement • If accepted, would update ASC 815 The Future of Hedge Accounting under US GAAP Overview Practical Implications • FASB amending hedge accounting . Potential changes standard . Benefits • No completion date as of yet . Challenges • What approach will FASB take? Appendix Additional Information IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement Impact on Derivative Valuation and Hedge Accounting Overview Practical Implications • IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement . Calculating a CVA-DVA properly using the same • Became effective Jan 1, 2013 approach that a market participant would use is very • Defines the framework for measuring fair value complicated and may present practical challenges for most companies to implement • Is a converged standard with ASC 820 . Companies should carefully consider how they plan to • The definition of how to measure fair value in IFRS 13 is change existing valuation methodology to different from the previous guidance in IAS 39 accommodate calculating CVA-DVA • IFRS 13 requires credit risk to be incorporated into the . Consider the composition of their portfolio, existing fair value measurement using an approach that a knowledge and skillset, and available resources market participant would use . Under IFRS, the CVA-DVA will have an immediate • This is accomplished by calculating a credit/debit impact on earnings for derivatives that are not valuation adjustment (“CVA -DVA”) designated in hedging relationships and those that are • Treatment of CVA-DVA for cash flow hedges is different designated in fair value hedging relationships under IFRS than it is under US GAAP, although currently . With respect to cash flow hedges under IFRS, the there is some diversity in practice under IFRS treatment is quite different from US GAAP: . CVA-DVA is included in the measurement of the actual derivative, but not the hypothetical derivative . May cause true economic ineffectiveness to be masked by the CVA-DVA or cause a hedge to fail even if perfectly effective economically . US GAAP permits the same CVA to be included in both the actual and hypothetical derivative . Expect an increase in volume and complexity of related disclosures Hedge Accounting Policy Election Deciding Between IAS 39 and IFRS 9 Overview Practical Implications • Macro hedging is a practice under IAS 39 that permits . Companies applying hedge accounting under IFRS will entities to designate derivatives in a fair value hedging need to assess whether they should: relationship of interest rate risk on a portfolio of . Make the accounting policy choice to continue applying financial assets and financial liabilities the IAS 39 hedge accounting provisions until the macro • Macro hedging will be addressed in a separate IFRS hedging standard is issued rather than as part of IFRS 9, although the specifics of . Adopt IFRS 9’s hedge accounting provisions once how it will be applied are currently being developed issued, even though the macro hedging provisions have not been finalized • The IASB is considering whether and how the macro hedging concept could be extended to apply to . The completion date of the macro hedging project is corporate cash flow hedging programs uncertain • Because the majority of the hedge accounting guidance . A final standard may not be issued until the end under IFRS 9 has been finalized, with the exception of of 2014 the macro hedging guidance, in April 2013 the IASB . This could lead to some companies continuing decided to provide entities with an accounting policy to apply IAS 39 for a considerable period of choice between applying the new hedge accounting time requirements of IFRS 9 and retaining the existing requirements in IAS 39 • It was noted that the accounting for fair value hedges of the interest rate exposure of a portfolio of financial assets or financial liabilities in IAS 39 would still be available to those who apply the new IFRS 9 hedge accounting model Novation of OTC Derivatives to Central Clearing Counterparties Overview Practical Implications • Under the Dodd-Frank and EMIR rules, OTC derivatives . Under both US GAAP and IFRS, if a key derivative term will increasingly be required to be cleared through is changed (e.g. counterparty, notional amount, reset central clearing agencies / organizations (“central date, index, etc.) the corresponding hedging counterparties”) relationship is ended • Centrally clearing an OTC derivative results in a transfer . A new hedging relationship involving the new of the derivative from the original counterparty to the derivative terms must be created central counterparty, representing a change in a key . When this occurs, the fair value of the derivative is term in a hedging relationship typically not equal to zero, meaning it is “off-market” • The SEC’s Office of the Chief Accountant has indicated . The off-market nature of the derivative typically leads its views on this matter in the form of a letter to ISDA to the recognition