Julie J. Masterson, PhD • Kenn Apel, PhD • Jan Wasowicz, PhD © 2002, 2006 by Learning By Design, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of Learning By Design, Inc. SPELL: Spelling Performance Evaluation for Language and Literacy and Learning By Design, Inc. are registered trademarks, and Making A Difference in K-12 Education is a trademark of Learning By Design, Inc. 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-0-9715133-2-7 ISBN-10: 0-9715133-2-5 Printed in the United States of America P.O. Box 5448 Evanston, IL 60604-5448 www.learningbydesign.com Information & Customer Services For answers to Frequently Asked Questions about SPELL–2, please visit the Learning By Design, Inc., website at www.learningbydesign.com. Technical Support First, please visit the technical support FAQ page at www.learningbydesign.com. If you don’t find an answer to your question, please call 1-847-328-8390 between 8 am and 5 pm CST. We’d love to hear from you! Your feedback, comments, and suggestions are always welcome. Please contact us by email at [email protected]. Portions of code are Copyright © 1994–2002 Integrations New Media, Inc., and used under license by Integration New Media, Inc. DIRECTOR® © 1984–2004 Macromedia, Inc. DIBELS is a registered trademark of Dynamic Measurement Group, Inc., and is not affiliated with Learning By Design, Inc. Earobics® is a product and registered trademark of Cognitive Concepts, Inc., a division of Houghton-Mifflin, and is not affiliated with Learning By Design, Inc. All other registered trademarks are property of their respective holders. ii SPELL–2 Examiner’s Manual About the Authors Dr. Julie J. Masterson is a professor of communication sciences and disorders at Missouri State University, where she teaches courses and conducts research in literacy, phonology, and computer applications for assessment and reme- diation of speech and language disorders. Dr. Masterson has more than 25 years of experience working with students who have language problems and language-based learning deficits. She has served as Vice President of Research and Technology for the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), President and Vice President for Research for the Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders, and as a reviewer provid- ing technical assistance for the U.S. Department of Education’s Early Reading First grant program. She is co-author of CAPES: Computerized Articulation and Phonology Evaluation System (Harcourt Assessment); Beyond Baby Talk: From Sounds to Sentences, A Parent’s Complete Guide to Language Development (Prima Publishing); and SPELL-Links to Reading & Writing: A Word Study Curriculum (Learning By Design, Inc.). Dr. Masterson has served as an editor for several scholarly journals, including American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology; Journal of Speech-Language-Hearing Research; Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools; Seminars in Speech and Language; and Topics in Language Disorders. Dr. Masterson is a fellow and certified member of ASHA, an ASHA board recognized specialist in child language, and a member of the Language Learning & Education Special Interest Division of ASHA. She also holds a degree in elementary education and has worked as a classroom teacher. Dr. Kenn Apel is a professor of communication disorders at The Florida State University, where he teaches courses and conducts research on school-age language-learning disabilities. He has more than 20 years of experience conducting research and teaching classes on language learning and on working with children, adolescents, and adults who have language problems and language-based learning deficits. Dr. Apel is frequently invited to speak at national, state, and local meetings about spoken language disabilities and assessment and remediation of reading, writing, and spelling disabilities. Dr. Apel is co-author of Beyond Baby Talk: From Sounds to Sentences, A Parent’s Complete Guide to Language Development (Prima Publishing) and SPELL-Links to Reading & Writing: A Word Study Curriculum (Learning By Design, Inc.), and has served as associate editor, guest editor, and series editor for several scholarly journals and books, including Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools; Topics in Language Disorders; and Challenges in Language and Literacy (Guilford Press). Dr. Apel is a fellow and certified member of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and an ASHA board recognized specialist in child language. He is also a member of the Language Learning & Education Special Interest Division of ASHA. SPELL–2 Examiner’s Manual iii About the Authors (continued) Dr. Jan Wasowicz is founder, president, and chief learning officer of Learning By Design, Inc., and has more than 25 years of experience as a language, literacy, and learning specialist. She has worked with students who have language-based reading, writing, and spelling problems in a variety of educational settings, including public schools, head start pro- grams, and private practice. Dr. Wasowicz is frequently invited to speak about best practices in literacy assessment and instruction at national, state, and local meetings and has taught numerous undergraduate and graduate courses, holding faculty positions at Northwestern University, Elmhurst College, Rush–Presbyterian–St. Luke’s Medical Center, and Governors State University. She has authored several publications appearing in scholarly journals, including The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Perception and Psychophysics, Journal of Phonetics, and Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. Dr. Wasowicz was the founder, president, and chief science officer of Cognitive Concepts, Inc., a company acquired by Houghton-Mifflin in 2003. She conceived, designed, and developed the Earobics® software product line (Cognitive Concepts, Inc.) and authored, designed, and developed SPELL-Links to Reading & Writing: A Word Study Curriculum and SPELL-Links Lesson Planner (Learning By Design, Inc.). Dr. Wasowicz is the inventor of numerous educational software programs with patents issued or pending, includ- ing various patents for the original Earobics® software products and U.S. Patent 06,299,452 “A Diagnostic System and Method for Phonological Awareness, Phonological Processing, and Reading Skill Testing”— an invention developed through the award of a Small Business Innovative Research grant and funded by the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Wasowicz is certified by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), is a member of the Language Learning & Education Special Interest Division of ASHA, and is licensed to practice clinical and educational speech-language pathology in the states of Illinois and Florida. She also holds an elementary (grades K–9) classroom teaching certificate and a secondary (grades 6–12) classroom teaching certificate from the Illinois State Board of Education. iv SPELL–2 Examiner’s Manual Contents Page Forewords viii Part 1 Assessment Information Introduction 3 Overview of the SPELL–2 Program 3 Description of the Spelling Process 6 Phonological Awareness 6 Orthographic Knowledge (Phonics) 6 Vocabulary 6 Morphological Knowledge & Semantic Relationships (Word Parts & Related Words) 7 Mental Orthographic Memory (Mental Images of Words) 7 Rationale for SPELL–2 8 Anticipated Outcomes 8 Administration 10 General Instructions 10 Examiner Qualifications 10 Prerequisite Student Skills 10 Administration Preparation 10 Administration Time 11 Administration Environment 12 Student Information Form 13 Assessment Overview 14 Response Recording & Scoring 15 Prompting & Feedback Guidelines 16 Selector Module 16 Preparation 16 Procedures 16 Prompts, Responses, & Feedback 17 Scoring 17 Main Test Module 18 Preparation 18 Procedures 19 Prompts, Responses, & Feedback 19 Cancellation Option 20 Preliminary Analysis Module 20 Additional Test Modules 20 Preparation 21 Will-O-Wisp I 21 Will-O-Wisp II 22 Magical Pond I 22 SPELL–2 Examiner’s Manual v Contents (continued) Page Magical Pond II 23 Spell Book I 24 Spell Book II 24 Final Analysis Module 25 Reporting Module 26 Results Report 26 Recommendations Report 27 Sharing the Results 30 With Students 30 With Classroom Teachers 30 With Parents 32 Instruction & Remediation 34 General Guidelines 34 Individualized Learning Objectives & Related Spelling Activities 36 Phonological Awareness 37 Orthographic Knowledge 39 Morphological Knowledge & Semantic Relationships 40 Mental Orthographic Memory 43 Other Considerations for Spelling Instruction 44 Part 2 User Guide Getting Started with SPELL–2 47 System Requirements 47 Windows 47 Macintosh 47 Installation 48 Windows 48 Macintosh 48 Set Up 48 Storing Data 48 Setting Monitor Resolution 48 Launching the SPELL–2 Program 48 Entering a Password 49 Changing Your Password 49 Main Menu 49 Test New Student 49 Resume Testing 53 Management Tools 56 Examiner Preview 57 vi SPELL–2 Examiner’s Manual Contents (continued) Page Testing Modules 58 General Features 58 Status of Testing in Progress 59 Student Requires Assistance 60 Administration 61 Sequence 61 Selector Module 61 Approximate Testing Time 61 Instructions 62 Practice Items 62 Test Items 62 Main Test Module 64 Approximate Testing Time 64 Instructions 64 Practice Items 64 Test Items 64 Additional Test Modules 66 Will-O-Wisp I 66 Will-O-Wisp II 67 Magical Pond I 68 Magical Pond II 69 Spell Book I 70 Spell Book II 72 Administration