African countries and neighbouring islands covered by the Synopsis. S T R E L I T Z I A 23 Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands by J.P. Roux Pretoria 2009 S T R E L I T Z I A This series has replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of the Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens which SANBI inherited from its predecessor organisations. The plant genus Strelitzia occurs naturally in the eastern parts of southern Africa. It comprises three arborescent species, known as wild bananas, and two acaulescent species, known as crane flowers or bird-of-paradise flowers. The logo of the South African National Biodiversity Institute is based on the striking inflorescence of Strelitzia reginae, a native of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal that has become a garden favourite worldwide. It sym- bolises the commitment of the Institute to champion the exploration, conservation, sustain- able use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. J.P. Roux South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town SCIENTIFIC EDITOR: Gerrit Germishuizen TECHNICAL EDITOR: Emsie du Plessis DESIGN & LAYOUT: Elizma Fouché COVER DESIGN: Elizma Fouché, incorporating Blechnum palmiforme on Gough Island PHOTOGRAPHS J.P. Roux Citing this publication ROUX, J.P. 2009. Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-48-8 © Published by: South African National Biodiversity Institute. Obtainable from: SANBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 843-5000. Fax: +27 12 804-3211. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.sanbi.org. Printed by Seriti Printing (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 24829, Gezina, 0031 South Africa. CCONTENTS NEW COMBINATIONS AND NEW NAMES PUBLISHED IN THIS VOLUME . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v INTRODUCTION . 1 STRUCTURE OF THE SYNOPSIS . 4 SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES AND GENERA . 6 Lycopodiophyta . 8 Pteridophyta . 29 Misplaced names and names of plants of unknown identity . 220 REFERENCES . 227 INDEX . 257 iii NNew combinations and new names published in this volume Abrodictyum angustimarginatum (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, comb. Blotiella coursii (Tardieu) Rakotondr. ex J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 37 nov., 108 Abrodictyum guineense (Afzel. ex Sw.) J.P.Roux, comb. Blotiella isaloensis (Tardieu) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 109 nov., 37 Blotiella marojejyense J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 109 Abrodictyum stylosum (Poir.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 38 Cheilanthes lanceolata (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 183 Alsophila approximata (Bonap.) R.M.Tryon var. sorisqua- mata (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 60 Cheilanthes scioana (Chiov.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 185 Alsophila bellisquamata (Bonap.) R.M.Tryon var. basilo- Cheilanthes tricholepifera (Pic.Serm.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., bata (C.Chr.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 60 186 Alsophila borbonica (Desv.) R.M.Tryon var. latifolia (Hook.) Christella pseudogueinziana (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 60 204 Alsophila borbonica (Desv.) R.M.Tryon var. sevathiana Christella ×varievenulosa (Viane) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 204 (Th.Janssen & Rakotondr.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 60 Christella ×wildemanii (H.Christ) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., Alsophila bullata Baker var. lobata (Rakotondr.) J.P.Roux, 204 comb. nov., 61 Crepidomanes bonapartei (C.Chr.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 39 Alsophila bullata Baker var. madagascarica (Bonap.) Crepidomanes longilabiatum (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 61 40 Alsophila camerooniana (Hook.) R.M.Tryon var. aethiopi- Crepidomanes ruwenzoriense (Taton) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., ca (Welw. ex Hook.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 61 40 Alsophila camerooniana (Hook.) R.M.Tryon var. congi Cyclosorus glandafrus (Viane) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 204 (H.Christ) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 61 Didymoglossum ballardianum (Alston) J.P.Roux, comb. Alsophila camerooniana (Hook.) R.M.Tryon var. currorii nov., 41 (Holttum) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 61 Didymoglossum barklyanum (Baker) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., Alsophila camerooniana (Hook.) R.M.Tryon var. occiden- 41 talis (Holttum) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 61 Didymoglossum benlii (Pic.Serm.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 41 Alsophila camerooniana (Hook.) R.M.Tryon var. uganden- sis (Holttum) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 62 Didymoglossum chamaedrys (Taton) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 41 Alsophila camerooniana (Hook.) R.M.Tryon var. zenkeri (Hieron. ex Diels) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 62 Didymoglossum cuspidatum (Willd.) Ebihara & Dubuisson var. densestriatum (C.Chr.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 41 Alsophila decrescens (Mett. ex Kuhn) R.M.Tryon var. hirsu- Didymoglossum fulgens (C.Chr.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 42 tifolia (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 62 Didymoglossum montanum (Hook.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., Alsophila grangaudiana (Th.Janssen & Rakotondr.) J.P.Roux, 42 comb. nov., 63 Didymoglossum rotundifolium (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, comb. Alsophila humilis (Hieron.) Pic.Serm. var. pycnophylla nov., 42 (Holttum) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 63 Diplazium marojejyense (Tardieu) Rakotondr. ex J.P.Roux, Alsophila hyacinthei R.M.Tryon var. concava (Bonap.) comb. nov., 217 J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 64 Diplazium morogorense J.P.Roux, nom. nov., 217 Alsophila hyacinthei R.M.Tryon var. humblotii (Baker) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 64 Huperzia funicula (Herter) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 13 Alsophila melleri (Baker) R.M.Tryon var. virescens (C.Chr.) Lycopodium carolinum (Lawalrée) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 18 J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 65 Paraceterach marantae (L.)R.M.Tryon subsp. subordata Alsophila quadrata (Baker) R.M.Tryon var. ivohibense (Cav.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 188 (C.Chr.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 66 Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) E.G.Andrews & Windham Amblovenatum J.P.Roux, nom. nov., 200 subsp. ecklonii (Kunze) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 163 Amblovenatum opulentum (Kaulf.) J.P.Roux, nom. nov., 201 Tectaria arthrothrix (Hook.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 194 Tectaria biformis (Mett.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 194 Amblovenatum terminans (Hook.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 201 Tectaria warburii (C.Chr.) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 196 Asplenium pellucidum Lam. subsp. dareifolium (Bory ex Willd.) J.P.Roux, comb. et stat. nov., 93 Tectaria waterlotii (Tardieu) J.P.Roux, comb. nov., 196 iv AACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bringing this project to fruition would not have been Palese, Geneva; Peter Edwards, Kew, UK; Brigitte Zimmer possible without the support and co-operation of many and Barbara Jahn, Berlin; France Rakotondrainibe, Frederic people from various institutions who contributed in dif- Badré, and Pascale Chesselet, Paris; Ronell Klopper, Pre- ferent ways. Firstly, I would like to thank Prof. G.F. Smith, toria, South Africa; Alison Paul, Natural History Museum, Chief Director: Biosystematics Research and Biodiversity London, UK; Terry Trinder-Smith, Bolus Herbarium, Cape Collections, SANBI, for his support and encouragement, Town; Stephen L. Jury, University of Reading, Peter Linder, and the Mellon Foundation, through the African Plants Zürich University, and Inga Hedberg, Sweden. Gerrit Ger- Initiative (API) project, for financial support. A person who mishuizen and Emsie du Plessis also provided invaluable needs special mention is Anne-Lise Fourie, Librarian at assistance and advice during the preparation of this vol- the Mary Gunn Library, National Herbarium, Pretoria, who ume, while Reuben Roberts assisted in extracting the rele- over an extended period managed to acquire extensive vant information to form a database. My appreciation also lists of literature requests for me. Others who contributed goes to George Yatskievych of the Missouri Botanical Gar- literature or assisted in some way are Mary Stiffler, Mis- den for his valuable comments on an earlier version of the souri, USA; Gabriele Palfinger, Vienna; Sofie de Smedt, Bel- manuscript. Also a word of thanks to my family, Beth and gium; Melissa Thulig, New York, USA; Hajo Esser and Chris- Kobus, for bearing with me during the many hours spent tian Braeuchler, Munich; Stefan Dressler, Stuttgart; Raoul working at home. v A B C D E F PLATE 1.—A, Isoetes eludens; B, Huperzia insularis; C, Lycopodiella cernua; D, Selaginella caffrorum var. caffrorum; E, Selaginella nubigena; F, Equisetum ramosissimum subsp. ramosissimum. vii A B Ca Cb D E F PLATE 2.—A, Ophioglossum nudicaule; B, Ophioglossum reticulatum; Ca, Psilotum nudum, habit; Cb, synangia; D, Osmunda regalis; E, Todea barbara; F, Crepidomanes inopinatum. viii A B C D E F PLATE 3.—A, Hymenophyllum aeruginosum; B, Sticherus umbraculigerus; C, Mohria marginalis; D, Schizaea tenella; E, Marsilea macro- carpa; F, Azolla filiculoides. ix A B C D E F PLATE 4.—A, Alsophila capensis; B, Adiantum capillus-veneris; C, Vittaria vittarioides; D, Asplenium alvarezense; E, Asplenium cordatum; F, Blechnum palmiforme. x A B C D E F PLATE 5.—A, Stenochlaena tenuifolia; B, Davallia chaerophylloides; C, Hypolepis villoso-viscida; D, Ctenitis aquilina; E, Cyrtomium microp- terum; F. Dryopteris pentheri. xi A B C D E F PLATE 6.—A, Elaphoglossum acrostichoides; B, Polystichum sinense; C, Rumohra adiantiformis; D, Lepisorus schraderi; E, Loxogramme abys- sinica; F, Melpomene flabelliformis. xii B A D C F E PLATE 7.—A, Pleopeltis polypodioides subsp. ecklonii; B, Polypodium vulgare; C, Pyrrosia africana; D, Pteris dentata; E, Cheilanthes hastata; F, Cheilanthes pentagona. xiii A B C D E F PLATE 8.—A, Pellaea rufa; B, Amauropelta bergiana var. bergiana; C, Stegnogramma pozoi; D, Athyrium crassicaule; E, Cystopteris fragilis subsp. fragilis; F, Woodsia burgessiana. xiv S T R E L I T Z I A 23 (2009) 1 IINTRODUCTION Over the past 250 years, many country and re- The Filices africanae of Kuhn, which appeared in gional Floras, checklists and papers documenting 1868, is the only unifying and complete synopsis or the African and Madagascan plant diversity and dis- catalogue ever published for the pteridophytes oc- tribution have been published. In spite of this, there curring in Africa, Madagascar and the neighbouring remains a great need and urgency to catalogue the islands.