Corylus colurna - Turkish Filbert (Betulaceae) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corylus colurna is a large shade tree noted for bold autumn and attracting squirrels texture, pyramidal form, ornamental winter -cross-pollination between different trees is needed bark/stems/catkins, dense shade from dark green for good fruit set shiny foliage, and urban tolerance. Turkish Filbert is Twigs underutilized in modern landscapes. It's an excellent -buds are pronounced on the stems, which are often substitute for other pyramidally-shaped shade trees fissured or corky by their second year of growth, with such as Pin Oak or Littleleaf Linden. a bold texture on young branches Trunk FEATURES -the light brown, flaky outer bark is quite attractive Form when viewed up-close in winter, while the inner bark -large shade tree is slightly orange but often unnoticed -maturing at about -trees maintain a strong central leader to maturity, 60' tall x 30' wide with symmetrical branching that forms a broadly -upright pyramidal pyramidal outline growth habit -some specimens are allowed to branch to the ground, -medium growth but most trees are limbed up with maturity to yield a rate stately shade tree character Culture -full sun to partial USAGE sun Function -very urban stress -shade, focal point, specimen, or winter accent tree tolerant, including Texture adaptability to heat, -bold texture in foliage and when bare (medium drought, pollution, poor soils, compacted soils, dry texture when in flower) soils, and soils of various pH -thick density in foliage and when bare -propagated primarily by seeds but also by rooted Assets stem cuttings -very urban tolerant, especially to drought, poor soils, -Birch Family, with virtually no disease or pest and alkaline pH soils problems, except for occasional skeletonizing of the -large shade tree that casts a dense shade, having foliage by Japanese beetles dense, dark green, attractive foliage -moderately available in B&B form -ornamental bark, corky stems, pendulous catkins, Foliage and bold symmetrical pyramidal outline create -alternate, dense, shiny attractive features in winter dark green, thick, and -disease- and generally pest-free (except for Japanese clean throughout the beetle), with clean foliage summer Liabilities -broadly ovate to broadly -poor autumn color obovate, to 6" long x 5" -turfgrass will thin or die out under mature trees due wide, with a cordate base, to dense shade an acute apex, and with -if Japanese beetles are common in the area, they will margins doubly serrated enjoy munching on this tree and somewhat incised Habitat -autumn color is yellowish -Zones 4 to 7 green and ornamentally -Native to Turkey and Southeastern Europe ineffective SELECTIONS Flowers Alternates -monoecious, with the prominently -very urban tolerant shade trees (Acer x freemanii, pendulous male catkins being quite Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ginkgo biloba, Gleditsia obvious in winter, and swelling triacanthos, etc.) from 1-4" in length in Mar. and -large pyramidal trees that are deciduous (Alnus swaying in the breezes of early glutinosa, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus spring palustris, Taxodium distichum, Tilia cordata, etc.) -female flowers occur at the same -large trees with winter character (Alnus glutinosa, time, but are very small and Betula nigra, Betula papyrifera, Gymnocladus ornamentally inconspicuous dioicus, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Zelkova Fruits serrata, etc.) -0.5" diameter nuts occur in clusters and are covered Cultivars – Variants – Related species with an incised husk-like involucre, maturing in early -species form is practically the only form available.