National analysis on violence against LGBTI+ children SPAIN Authors Jose Antonio Langarita (coord.), Núria Sadurní, and Pilar Albertín (Universitat de Girona) Joan Pujol, Marisela Montenegro, and Beatriz San Román (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Project information Project Title: Diversity and childhood. Changing social attitudes towards gender diversity in children across Europe Project number: 856680 Involved countries: Belgium, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain December 2020 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. This project was funded by European Union’s Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme (2014-2020). The content of this website represents the views of the authors only and is their sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. Contents Introduction: Research Design and Sample…………………………………………………………………………4 1. Legal and political context regarding LGBTI+ rights…………………………………………………………7 1.1. Timeline of LGBTI+ rights in Spain .......................................................................................... 10 1.2. Relevant statistical data about the LGBTI+ situation in your country .................................... 11 2. DaC Areas of Intervention: schools, health, family, public spaces and media………………..13 2. 1. Education ............................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1. Needs related to children to combat violence regarding sexual and gender diversity in the sphere of education ................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2. Good practices related to education to combat violence against LGBTI+ and gender non- conforming children .................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.3. Training needs for education professionals ..................................................................... 15 2.1.4. SWOT related to Education in Spain ................................................................................ 16 2.1.5. Exemplary quotes from interviews .................................................................................. 17 3.2. Health ..................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1. Needs related to children to combat violence regarding sexual and gender diversity in the health sphere ............................................................................................................................. 17 3.2.2. Good practices related to health to combat violence against LGBTI+ and gender non- conforming children .................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.3. Training needs for health professionals .......................................................................... 20 3.2.4. SWOT related to Health in Spain ..................................................................................... 20 3.2.5. Exemplary quotes from interviews .................................................................................. 21 3.3.1. Needs for children to combat violence regarding sexual and gender diversity in the family sphere ........................................................................................................................................ 22 3.3.2. Good practices related to family to combat violence against LGBTI+ and gender non- conforming children .................................................................................................................. 23 3.3.3. Training needs for professionals ...................................................................................... 23 3.3.4. SWOT related to Family in Spain ..................................................................................... 24 3.3.5. Exemplary quotes from interviews related to family ...................................................... 24 3.4. Public spaces ........................................................................................................................... 25 3.4.1. Needs for children to combat violence regarding sexual and gender diversity in public spaces ........................................................................................................................................ 25 3.4.2. Good practices related to public spaces to combat violence against LGBTI+ and gender non-conforming children ........................................................................................................... 26 3.4.3. Training needs for professionals ...................................................................................... 26 3.4.4. SWOT related to public spaces in Spain .......................................................................... 27 3.4.5. Exemplary quotes from interviews .................................................................................. 27 This project was funded by European Union’s Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme (2014-2020). The content of this website represents the views of the authors only and is their sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. 3.5. Media ...................................................................................................................................... 28 3.5.1. Needs for children to combat violence regarding sexual and gender diversity in the media ................................................................................................................................................... 28 3.5.2. Good practices related to the media to combat violence against LGBTI+ and gender non- conforming children .................................................................................................................. 29 3.5.3. Training needs for media professionals ........................................................................... 29 3.5.4. SWOT related to Media in Spain ..................................................................................... 29 3.5.5. Exemplary quotes from interviews .................................................................................. 30 4. Overall evaluation…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….30 References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33 This project was funded by European Union’s Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme (2014-2020). The content of this website represents the views of the authors only and is their sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. Introduction: Research Design and Sample This national report is the result of fieldwork gathered in three different research techniques: an online survey, 21 semi-structured interviews (both carried out to stakeholders), and a workshop with children. The fieldwork was complemented with desk research to deepen the issues not addressed in the interviews and survey. With this, we were aiming to fulfil the objective of making a needs assessment for future training and awareness actions. The online survey received 104 full responses and 231 partial ones. for this report, we have only analysed the 104 full responses. Once we had the survey link, we distributed it through all our contacts. We send the link to everybody that we know that was a stakeholder with children, and everyone who we thought would know stakeholders. At the same time, we distributed the survey link in our private and institutional social network accounts to try to reach as many participants as we could. Most of the feedback that we received from workshop respondents was positive, and some of them explicitly wrote that there is a lack of related works. The most common negative feedback we received had to do with the survey being too long. This feedback might explain some of the partial responses. The interviews were aimed at stakeholders from the five key areas. Out of these, four interviews were carried out to media stakeholders, four interviews to education stakeholders, five interviews to health stakeholders, five interviews to family stakeholders, and three interviews to public space stakeholders. All interviews took around one hour, with the longest interview being one hour and forty minutes. Because of the declaration of the state of alarm on the covid-19 pandemic and the following lockdown, some of the interviews were carried out via video call. Snowball sampling was used to find interviewees. To ensure that the sample included significant information from all DaC project areas, we first agreed on finding roughly an even number of interviews per area, and then we proceeded to brainstorm possible key stakeholders in the area or possible contacts who could provide us with a relevant stakeholder. Since all researchers are implicated with the explored field, it was not difficult to start finding the first relevant stakeholders. Once we started interviewing those participants who we had already targeted, the rest of the participants were selected from recommendations of both other interviewees and other relevant contacts in the field. This project was funded