SCREENING OF POLYFLUORINATED ORGANIC 2444 COMPOUNDS AT FOUR FIRE TRAINING FACILITIES IN NORWAY 2008 Screening of polyfluorinated organic compounds at four fire training facilities in Norway (TA- 2444/2008) Forord I 2007 ble det i Norge innført forbud mot bruk av PFOS i brannskum, tekstiler og impregnering. SFT har fått undersøkt jordsmonnet rundt fire brannøvingsfelt som et ledd i å fremskaffe et bedre kunnskapsgrunnlag om mulige miljøkonsekvenser som følge av bruk av PFOS og andre perfluorerte forbindelser. Hensikten med denne undersøkelsen har vært å få kartlagt om PFOS-holdig brannslukkingsskum som er anvendt frem til 2007 fortsatt er i nærområdet rundt brannøvingsfeltene. Undersøkelsen belyser også hvilke negative miljøkonsekvenser gjenværende rester kan ha. Rapporten vil danne et grunnlag for vurdere hvorvidt andre brannøvingsfelter bør undersøkes nærmere med hensyn på perfluorerte forbindelser, samt å vurdere mulige tiltak mot fremtidig forurensning. Bioforsk, med prosjektleder Carl Einar Amundsen, har utført undersøkelsen på vegne av SFT. NIVA har vært underleverandør på de marine undersøkelsene, og NILU har utført de kjemiske analysene. Oslo 2. desember 2008 Sigurd Tremoen avdelingsdirektør 2 Screening of polyfluorinated organic compounds at four fire training facilities in Norway (TA- 2444/2008) Content 1. Summary ..................................................................................................................... 5 Sammendrag ............................................................................................................................. 7 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 9 2. Background ............................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 10 3. Polyfluorinated organic compounds in fire fighting foams .................................. 12 4. Regulations regarding PFCs ................................................................................... 13 5. Selection of fluorocarbons for analysis .................................................................. 14 5.1 Chemical properties of PFCs ..................................................................................... 14 5.2 Chemical analysis of environmental samples ............................................................ 15 5.2.1 Biota, soil and sediment ............................................................................................. 15 5.2.2 Water .......................................................................................................................... 15 5.2.3 Analytical determination ............................................................................................ 15 5.2.4 General remarks to chemical analyses ....................................................................... 16 6. Description of localities and sampling .................................................................... 17 6.1 Mongstad oil refinery ................................................................................................. 17 6.1.1 Location of testing platform and site history ............................................................. 17 6.1.2 Soil sampling .............................................................................................................. 18 6.1.3 Earthworms ................................................................................................................ 18 6.2 Solberg Scandinavian AS ........................................................................................... 19 6.2.1 Testing platform location and site history .................................................................. 19 6.2.2 Soil sampling .............................................................................................................. 20 6.2.3 Water and sediment samples from stream ................................................................. 20 6.2.4 Marine sediments ....................................................................................................... 22 6.2.5 Sea snails .................................................................................................................... 22 6.3 Rygge Air Station ....................................................................................................... 23 6.3.1 Platform location and site history .............................................................................. 23 6.3.2 Soil and sediment sampling ....................................................................................... 23 6.4 Gardermoen airport .................................................................................................... 25 6.4.1 Site history and testing platform location .................................................................. 25 6.4.2 Soil sampling .............................................................................................................. 25 6.4.3 Groundwater sampling ............................................................................................... 27 6.5 Overview of samples for analysis .............................................................................. 27 7. Earthworms collected in field and accumulation experiments ............................ 28 8. Results ....................................................................................................................... 29 8.1 Mongstad oil refinery ................................................................................................. 29 8.1.1 Soil ............................................................................................................................. 29 8.2 Solberg Scandinavian AS ........................................................................................... 32 8.2.1 Soils ............................................................................................................................ 32 8.2.2 Sediment sample from stream .................................................................................... 34 3 Screening of polyfluorinated organic compounds at four fire training facilities in Norway (TA- 2444/2008) 8.2.3 Stream water .............................................................................................................. 34 8.2.4 Marine sediments ....................................................................................................... 35 8.2.5 Marine biota ............................................................................................................... 36 8.3 Gardermoen airport .................................................................................................... 38 8.3.1 Soil ............................................................................................................................. 38 8.3.2 Groundwater ............................................................................................................... 41 8.4 Rygge Air Station ....................................................................................................... 43 8.4.1 Soil and sediment ....................................................................................................... 43 8.5 Bioaccumulation of PCFs in earthworms .................................................................. 46 8.5.1 Mongstad .................................................................................................................... 46 8.5.2 Solberg Scandinavian AS ........................................................................................... 47 8.5.3 Gardermoen airport .................................................................................................... 47 8.5.4 Rygge Air Station ....................................................................................................... 47 9. Discussion .................................................................................................................. 53 9.1 Soils ............................................................................................................................ 53 9.1.1 Concentrations in soils vs. sediments and sewage sludge ......................................... 53 9.1.2 Leaching in soils ........................................................................................................ 54 9.1.3 Horizontal dispersion from training sites ................................................................... 54 9.1.4 Background soil concentrations of PFCs? ................................................................. 55 9.2 Marine sediments and biota ....................................................................................... 56 9.2.1 Sediments from Radsundet ........................................................................................ 56 9.2.2 Sea snails from Radsundet ......................................................................................... 56 9.3 Groundwater and surface water ................................................................................. 57 9.4 Earthworms ................................................................................................................ 59 9.5 Amount of PFCs in soils at fire training sites ...........................................................