“MORE AND BETTER JOBS FOR WOMEN: WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT THROUGH DECENT WORK IN TURKEY” PROJECT ANALYSIS OF ANKARA LABOUR MARKET FROM A GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVE EMEL MEMİŞ Copyright © International Labour Organization 2016 First published 2016 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of 2 the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applica- tions. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organiza- tion may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. 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Memiş, Emel Analysis of Ankara labour market from a gender equality perspective : more and better jobs for women: women’s empowerment through decent work in Turkey / Emel Memiş ; International Labour Organization, ILO Office for Turkey. - Ankara: ILO, 2016 ISBN: 978-92-2-030801-1 (print) ISBN: 978-92-2-030802-8 (web pdf) International Labour Organization; ILO Office for Turkey labour market analysis / demographic aspect / economic implication / gender equal- ity / employment opportunity / regional level / Turkey 13.01.1 ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expres- sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office con- MORE AND BETTER JOBS FOR WOMEN: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT THROUGH DECENT WORK IN TURKEY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH DECENT WORK WOMEN’S MORE AND BETTER JOBS FOR WOMEN: cerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or con- cerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contri- butions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an en- dorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from [email protected]. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact [email protected]. Printed in Turkey CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................... 7 1. Basic Socio-demographic and Economic Characteristics of Ankara Province ......................................................................................... 8 3 2. Basic Characteristics of the Labour Market in Ankara Province ........... 9 2.1. Labour Force indicators ....................................................................... 9 2.2. Employment Situation in Ankara Province ...................................... 15 2.3. Unemployment .................................................................................. 18 3. İŞKUR Analysis of Turkish Labour Market - Ankara Province, 2014 .. 21 3.1. Vacant Positions ................................................................................. 29 3.2. Level of Education and Qualifications Required for Vacant Positions ................................................................................. 37 3.3. Vacant Positions that are Hard to Fill ................................................ 42 3.4. Future Trends in Employment/Occupations in which Employment is Expected to Increase and Decrease ......................... 46 Conclusions and Proposals .......................................................................... 49 Bibliography .................................................................................................. 52 TABLES Table 1 – Labour force statistics (thousands)* ......................................... 10 Table 2 – Labour force by level of education and age group (thousands, aged 15 and over) ....................................................................................... 11 Table 3 – Labour force participation rate by age group (%) ..................... 12 OF ANKARA LABOR MARKET FROM A GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS Table 4 – Labour force participation rate by level of education (%) ........ 12 Table 5 – Population outside labour force by education and age group (thousands) ................................................................................................ 14 Table 6 – Employment by sector ( age 15 and over ) ................................ 15 Table 7 – Employment by status at work (age 15 and over) ..................... 16 Table 8 – Employment by level of education and sector .......................... 17 Table 9 – Employees by registration with social security system and sector (age 15 and over) ............................................................................. 17 Table 10 – Number of unemployed persons by age group (thousands) ... 18 Table 11 – Unemployment rate by age group (%) .................................... 18 Table 12 – Unemployment rate by level of education (%) ....................... 19 Table 13 – Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment ............. 20 Table 14 – Length of job search by age group (%) .................................... 20 Table 15 – Distribution of male and female employment by sector (2014) .. 22 4 Table 16 – Gender distribution of working people by sector (%) ............. 26 Table 17 – Distribution of male and female employment by main occupational groups .................................................................................. 26 Table 18 – Occupations with the highest numbers of employees by gender (2014) ............................................................................................. 28 Table 19 – Distribution of vacant positions by sector and gender ........... 29 Table 20 – Distribution of vacant positions by gender and main occupational group .................................................................................... 30 Table 21 – 20 occupations with the highest number of vacant positions by gender ................................................................................... 32 Table 22 – 20 occupations with the highest numbers of woman workers by gender ..................................................................................... 35 Table 23 – 20 occupations with the highest potential vacant positions for women by gender ................................................................. 36 Table 24 – Levels of education required for vacant positions (%) ........... 38 Table 25 – Qualifications and skills required for vacant positions (%) ... 39 Table 26 – Qualifications and skills required for vacant positions by level of education (%) ................................................................................ 40 Table 27 – Methods for filling vacant positions (%) ................................. 41 Table 28 – Methods of filling vacant positions in the 20 occupations with the greatest potential for women (%) ............................................... 41 Table 29 – Methods of filling vacant positions in each of the 20 occupations with the greatest potential for women (%) .......................... 42 MORE AND BETTER JOBS FOR WOMEN: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT THROUGH DECENT WORK IN TURKEY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH DECENT WORK WOMEN’S MORE AND BETTER JOBS FOR WOMEN: Table 30 – Positions that are hard to fill by occupational group ............. 43 Table 31 – Ranking of sectors by ratio of positions that are hard to fill .. 43 Table 32 – Reasons behind difficulties in filling positions (all occupations) ........................................................................................ 44 Table 33 – Reasons behind difficulties in filling positions (potential occupations) .............................................................................. 44 Table 34 – Reasons behind difficulties in filling positions (potential occupations) .............................................................................. 46 Table 35 – Expected change in employment by main occupational group .. 47 Table 36 – Net expected change in employment in the occupations with the highest number of vacant positions by gender preference ........ 48 FIGURES Figure 1 – Labour force participation rate by age group (%) (2013) ........ 12 Figure 2 – Labour force participation rate by level of education (%) (2010) 13 5 Figure 3 – Labour force participation rate by level of education (%) (2013) .. 13 Figure 4 – Employment by sector (2013) .................................................. 15 Figure 5a – Unemployment rate by age group (2010) .............................. 19 Figure 5b – Unemployment rate by age group (2013) .............................. 19 Figure 6 – Unemployment rate by level of education (2013) ................... 20 Figure 7a – Employees by sector (2014) ................................................... 23 Figure 7b – Employees by sector (2014) ..................................................