TurkJZool 31(2007)165-170 ©TÜB‹TAK SomeTaxonomicFeaturesofTaphozousnudiventris Cretzschmar, 1830vel1831fromTurkey(Chiroptera:Emballonuridae) NurselAfiAN,‹rfanALBAYRAK UniversityofK›r›kkale,FacultyofArtsandSciences,DepartmentofBiology,71450Yahflihan,K›r›kkale-TURKEY Received:07.02.2006 Abstract: Thisstudywasbasedontherecordsofbaculumfeatures,hairscaleform,andkaryotypeof Taphozousnudiventris magnus.ThebaculumisadistinctivefeatureinseparatingthissubspeciesfromT.n.kachhensis.Thestructureofthehairscaletype examinedbyscanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)wasdivaricate,dentatecoronalatthetip,andvariedfromthetipofthehair to thebase;ithadadivergent,dentatecoronalattheshaftandanappressed,repandcoronalatthebase.Thediploidnumber(2n)and thenumberofautosomalarms(NFa)of T.n.magnus were42and64,respectively. KeyWords: Baculum,hairscale,karyotype,Taphozousnudiventris,Turkey Türkiye’dekiTaphozousnudiventris Cretzschmar,1830vel1831’inBaz›TaksonomikÖzellikleri (Chiroptera:Emballonuridae) Özet: Buçal›flmaTaphozousnudiventrismagnus’unbakulumözellikleri,k›lyap›s›vekaryotipkay›tlar›nadayanmaktad›r.Bakulum, T.n.kachhensis ’denbualttürüay›rmadaay›rtedicibirözelliktir.SEM’deincelenenk›lyap›s›uçtantabanado¤rude¤iflerek,uçta divaricate,dentatecoronal,gövdededivergent,dentatecoronalvetabandaappressed,repandcoronaltiptedir. T.n.magnus ’un diploidsay›(2n)veotozomalkollar›n›nsay›s›(NFa)s›ras›yla42ve64’dür. AnahtarSözcükler: Bakulum,k›lyap›s›,karyotip,Taphozousnudiventris,Türkiye Introduction Arabia;T.n.magnus inIsrael,Jordan,andIraq;andT.n. Only2speciesofthegenusTaphozous,T.perforatus zayidi Harrison,1955inOman.AccordingtoHarrison E.Geoffroy,1818andT.nudiventris Cretzschmar,1830 (1964),Felten(1962)considered kachhensis and nudiventris tobeconspecific.Corbet(1978)statedthat vel1831,existinthePalearcticregion(Corbet,1978; Sinha(1970)identifiedboth T.nudiventris and T. Sachanowiczetal.,1999).Itwasreportedthat T. kachhensis fromIndia.Corbet(1978)considered nudiventris wasdistributedinEgypt,Sudan,Somalia, kachhensis andnudiventris synonyms,andrecognizedthe Senegal,Eritrea,Congo,Kenya,Israel,Palestine,Jordan, 3subspeciesgivenbyHarrison(1964)asvalid Syria,Iraq,Iran,Yemen,Oman,UnitedArabEmirates, subspecies.HarrisonandBates(1991)mentionedthat Bahrain,Afghanistan,andIndia(EllermanandMorrison- thenominativeformwasdistributedinIsrael,South Scott,1951;Harrison,1964;Corbet,1978;Harrison Yemen,andUnitedArabEmirates,andT.n.magnus was andBates,1991;Qumsiyehetal.,1992;Darweeshetal., foundinIraqandBahrain.AccordingtoHarrisonand 1997;BendaandHoracek,1998;Sachanowiczetal., Bates(1991),althoughhavingdifferentfurcolor,the 1999;Pearchetal.,2001). validityof T.n.zayidi wasdoubtfulandtheyincluded EllermanandMorrison-Scott(1951)reported T. Omaninthedistributionareaofthenominativeform. nudiventris fromPalestine,SaudiArabia,Egypt,and ThenakedbelliedTombbat,asamemberoftheupper Sudan; T.kachhensiskachhensis Dobson,1872from Mesopotamianfauna,occursasanimmigrantinTurkey India;T.k.magnus Wettstein,1913fromIraq;andT.k. (BendaandHoracek,1998).Thefirstrecordof T. nudaster Thomas,1915fromBurma.Harrison(1964) nudiventris fromTurkeyisgivenbySachanowiczetal. statedthat T.n.nudiventris wasdistributedinSouth (1999). 165 SomeTaxonomicFeaturesofTaphozousnudiventris Cretzschmar,1830vel1831fromTurkey(Chiroptera:Emballonuridae) Theaimofthisstudywastorevealthebaculum golddustfor2minbyaPolaronSC500.Thetip,middle, featuresandhairscaleformofT.nudiventrisforthefirst andbasalpartsofthehairswerephotographedat400x, timeandmakeacontributiontoitstaxonomy. 800x,and1000xmagnificationwithaJSM5600 scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM).Hairscalewidth wasmeasuredinmicrometers.Thehairscaleformswere MaterialsandMethods determinedaccordingtoBenedict(1957). Thisstudywasbasedononeadultandoneyoung ThespecimensweredepositedattheDepartmentof malespecimencaughtbyaerialnetinthevillageof Biology,FacultyofArtsandSciences,Universityof Ma¤aracık,Nizip,Gaziantep,Turkey(Figure1). Kırıkkale. Karyologicalanalyseswereperformedaccordingto Bakeretal.(1982).Thespecimenswereskinned, stuffed,andpreparedasconventionalmuseum Results specimens.ThebaculumwasextractedaccordingtoTopal Diagnosticcharacters: Theshapeofthebaculumisa (1958)andagedeterminationwascarriedoutaccording distinctivefeature.Thelengthandwidthofthebaculum toAnderson(1917)andBaagøe(1977).Fromeach oftheadultspecimenare0.67and0.30mm,respectively specimen,6externaland7cranialmeasurementswere (Figure2). taken.Cranialmeasurementswereobtainedwithadial Habitat: ThisspeciesprobablymigratestoTurkey caliper(accurateto0.01mm).Theabbreviationsfor fromthesouthinsummerforbreedingandparturition. externalandcranialmeasurements(mm)usedinthetext Itsbreedingcoloniesoccurindeepcrevicesoutsideof areasfollows:Ltotallength,HBheadandbodylength, man-madecaves. TLtaillength,Eearlength,HFhindfootlength,FA forearmlength,GTLgreatestskulllength,CBL Pelagecolor:Theadultspecimen’scolorispalelight condylobasallength,ZBzygomaticbreadth,BBbraincase brown,tingedverylightgray,whileventralcolorisdirty 3 whiteandtingedsomewhatlightpalebrown.Themouth, breadth,C-M maxillarytoothrowlength,C-M 3 mandibulartoothrowlength,Mmandiblelength,andW nose,andearsarebrown.Flightandtailmembranesare weight(g).Diagnosticcharacters,habitat,pelagecolor, lightbrownandtingedpaleyellow(Figure1).Theyoung measurements,andkaryology,alongwithcollection specimen’sdorsalcolorispalegray,tingedverylight locality,wererecorded.Thedeterminationofthefur brown,whereasventralcolorisdirtywhiteandtinged colorwascarriedoutaccordingtoRidgway(1885).The somewhatpalebrown.Mouth,nose,andearsarebrown, guardhairsweretakenfromtheshoulderbladesdorsally tingedpaleblack.Flightandtailmembranesarebrown andfromthebellyontheventralsidesandprepared andtingedsomewhatpaleblack. accordingtoHayat(1972).Hairspecimenswereleftin Measurements:Theexternalandcranial acetonefor30min,acetone-distilledwatersolution(1:1) measurementsoftheadultspecimenareasfollows:L for15min,andfinallyindistilledwaterfor10min.Dried 144,HB117,TL27,E19,HF24,FA74.7,GTL31.4, 3 hairsinpetridisheswereplacedonstubsandcoatedwith CBL25.2,ZB17.5,BB11.7,C-M 11.5,C-M3 13.6,M 22.2,andW90g.Someoftheexternalmeasurements oftheyoungspecimenareasfollows:L127,TL27,E 16,HF23,GTL29.1,CBL24.3,ZB16.8,C-M311.2,C- M3 13.5,M21.3,andW46g. Karyology:Inthe2malespecimensthatwere karyotyped,thediploidnumber(2n)andthenumberof autosomalarms(NFa)were42and64,respectively.The chromosomesetconsistedof9metacentric,3 submetacentric,and8acrocentricautosomepairs decreasinginsize.TheXchromosomewasamedium- sizedmetacentricandtheY,thesmallestchromosomeof theset,wasadot-likeacrocentric(Figure3). Figure1.AnadultT.nudiventris specimencaughtinNizip,Turkey. 166 N.AfiAN,‹.ALBAYRAK 3.5mm ABC Figure2. Theshapeofabaculumof T.nudiventris fromTurkey.Dorsalview(A),ventralview (B),andlateralview(C). Hairscaleform: Byexaminingthehairstakenfrom thedorsalandventralpartsoftheadultandyoung specimensof T.nudiventris, itwasfoundthatthescale formsweresimilarinstructurethroughout,butdifferent insize.Thescaleformsweredivaricate,dentatecoronal atthetipandtothebaseofthehair(Figure4A), divergent,dentatecoronalattheshaft(Figure4B),and appressed,repandcoronalatthebasalpart(Figure4C andD).Additionally,insomehairs,hairscalesbecame slenderatthebaseafterabroaderdistrictregion(abasal bulb)(Figure4C),butintheremaininghairspecimens a thisbroaderdistrictwasnotobserved(Figure4D). Discussion Acomparisonwasmadebetweenthemorphometric dataobtainedfromouradultspecimenandthosefrom Israel,SouthYemen,Oman,Iraq,Bahrain,andDjibouti (HarrisonandBates,1991;Pearchetal.,2001)(Figure 5). Accordingtotheexternalmeasurementsof2young XY specimenstakenfromthesamelocalityinTurkey, Sachanowiczetal.(1999)suggestedthatthese b specimensbelongedto T.n.magnus. Theexternaland Figure3. ConventionalstainedkaryotypeofamaleT.nudiventris from cranialmeasurementsoftheadultspecimensfrom Turkey. Turkeyareinaccordwiththosegivenfor T.n.magnus 167 SomeTaxonomicFeaturesofTaphozousnudiventris Cretzschmar,1830vel1831fromTurkey(Chiroptera:Emballonuridae) Figure4. Thescaleformsinthedorsalhairof T.nudiventris.Tip(A),shaft(B),andbasein2 forms(CandD). byHarrisonandBates(1991),thusweconfirmedthat ThefurcoloroftheadultTurkishspecimenisin thesubspeciesshowingdistributioninTurkeyis T.n. accordwiththatgivenbyHarrison(1964). magnus. Sinha(1987)examinedthebaculaofT.perforatus,T. Ourkaryologicaldatawerecomparedtodataobtained longimanus,and T.kachhensis distributedinIndia.The fromEgypt(HoodandBaker,1986;El-Dawyand baculumof T.kachhensis givenbySinha(1987)differs Ibrahim,1994;Yaseenetal.,1994)andTurkey(Karatafl fromthatof T.n.magnus inshapeandmeasurement, andSözen,2002).Thechromosomemorphologiesofthe onlyifT.n. kachhensis isacceptedasavalidsubspecies. subspecies T.n.nudiventris,T.n.magnus , and T.n. Benedict(1957)examinedthehairof T.nudiventris kachhensis werereportedtobedifferent(Karatafland withalightmicroscopeandstatedthatthedorsalhair Sözen,2002)withoutcomparingtheshapesof scaleformsin T.mauritianus , T.melanopogon ,and T. chromosomes.Ourstudyshowedthatourspecimens longimanus weredivaricate,dentatecoronal,whereasin werekaryologicallysimilartotheonesrepresentedin T.nudiventris theywerebothdivaricateanddivergent, Egypt,althoughHoodandBaker(1986),andKaratafl dentatecoronal,andin T.peli theyweredivergent, andSözen(2002)determinedthattheXchromosomeis dentatecoronal.Thedorsalandventralhairscaleforms submetacentric.Thedissimilaritiesbetweenthedata ofT.n.magnus weexaminedinTurkeywereinaccord couldbeduetotheheterochromatinamountin withthosegivenforthisspeciesbyBenedict(1957). chromosomes,ortodifferencesinauthorinterpretations ofchromosomemorphologies. 168 N.AfiAN,‹.ALBAYRAK