CHAPTER 3 The Northern Colonies, 1619–1700 Directions Print document. As you read, take notes in the spaces provided. And Purpose These notes are not “hunt and peck” or “fill in the blank” notes. Think of this guide as a place for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) and new knowledge gained from the reading. This guide can be used on the corresponding quiz and students can earn bonus points by having it completed and ready to turn in at the time of the quiz. The benefits of such activities, however, go far beyond quiz help and bonus points. Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. So… young Jedi… what is your choice? Do? Or do not? There is no try. Read through the guide before you begin reading the chapter. This step will help you focus on the most significant ideas and information as you read. Before you begin reading the chapter, flip through it and read the subtitles. Look at the images and read their captions. This step will help increase your comprehension of the material. Puritanism and Pilgrims (pp. 43–46) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (pp. 46–49) Notes: Virginia: riches as Massachusetts: ______________ Based on the teachings of John Calvin of Geneva, what were the main elements of Puritan theology? (1) Relation of God to man: (2) Good works vs. predestination: (3) Signs of conversion, grace, membership in the “elect” : (4) “Visible saints” only as church members: . Compare the Pilgrims of Plymouth with the Massachusetts Bay Puritans. Notes… (1) Separatists vs Non-Separatists (1) Separatists vs Non-Separatists (2) Motivation for migration (2) Motivation for migration (3) Year Founded (3) Year Founded (4) Founded by (4) Founded by (5) Major Accomplishments (5) Major Accomplishments “The Lord will be our God and delight to dwell among us as his own people and will command a blessing upon us all in our ways.… And he shall make us a praise and glory, that men shall say of succeeding plantations: the Lord make it like that of New England. For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill; the eyes of all people are upon us.” (John Winthrop’s Sermon aboard the Arbella, 1630) What do the words “as a city upon a hill” reveal about Winthrop and the Puritans? How did the politics of New England differ from the politics of the Southern colonies? Identify the following using the numbers on the map. _____Rhode Island _____Massachusetts Bay _____New Hampshire _____Pennsylvania _____New Jersey _____Delaware _____New York _____Plymouth . 3 Court: “See how your argument stands. Priscilla, with her husband, took Apollo home to instruct him privately. Therefore Mistress Hutchinson, without her husband, may teach sixty or eighty.” Hutchinson: “I call them not, but if they come to me, I may instruct them.” Court: “Yet you show us not a rule.” Hutchinson: “I have given you two places of Scripture.” Court: “But neither of them will suit your practice.” Hutchinson: “Must I show you my name written therein?” (Excerpt from Hutchinson’s trial, 1637) Do you agree that Massachusetts had little choice but to Anne Hutchinson was the strong-minded religious dissenter whose challenge to Massachusetts Bay authorities from 1636 to 1638 shook the expel Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams lest they infant colony to its foundation which led to her banishment. “pollute the entire Puritan experiment”? The second of thirteen children of a Puritan minister, from whom she received a strong education in theology and Scripture, she married William Agree or disagree? Hutchinson, a well-to-do merchant, and bore fourteen children between 1613 and 1636, of whom eleven survived infancy. List three facts to support your assessment: Hutchinson’s twice-weekly meetings in her home to discuss sermons and Scripture won her an enthusiastic following throughout Massachusetts (1) Bay and for a time it appeared that she and her clerical allies might take over the colony. But her enemies gained control of the General Court in 1637, and she was excommunicated from the church and banished from the (2) colony, despite her clever defense. She first went to Rhode Island, but after her husband died in 1642, she moved with her children to Pelham, New (3) Netherland (now in the Bronx), where she and all but one of her children were killed by Indians in 1643. Additional notes on Massachusetts: What is the most distinguishing characteristic of Rhode Island? Write your definition of religious fanatic. Then use this definition to argue that the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay were or were not religious fanatics. 4 New England Spreads Out (pp. 49-56) Look at the map on p. 49 before answering the following question. What were the four colonies created from Massachusetts Bay? Notes: (1) (2) (3) (4) Summarize the impact New Englanders had on the native populations. Compare the Confederation of New England with Dominion of New England by completing the chart below. Confederation of New England Dominion of New England Date Founded: Date Founded: Reasons for creation: Reasons for creation: How it worked: How it worked: What it accomplished: What it accomplished: Why it was abandoned: Why it was abandoned: . New Netherland/New York (pp. 56-59) Land discovered/explored by:__________________________________ Colony founded by:___________________________ Major City established:_______________________________________ Economic activity:____________________________ Fate of Dutch colony:________________________________________________________________________________________ . 5 Pennsylvania and the Middle Colonies (pp. 59–63) The Quakers believed…. William Penn’s objective in founding the colony in 1681? Explain what the textbook authors meant when they said, “Quaker tolerance proved the undoing of Quaker Indian Policy.” Compare “Middle Colonies” (N.Y., N.J., Del., and Pa.) by completing the chart below. NEW YORK NEW JERSEY DELAWARE PENNSYLVANIA Founded in: Founded in: Founded in: Founded in: Founded by: Founded by: Founded by: Founded by: Colonized for: Colonized for: Colonized for: Colonized for: Economic activity: Economic activity: Economic activity: Economic activity: Significant accomplishments: Significant accomplishments: Significant accomplishments: Significant accomplishments: Label the colonies and bodies of water. Color in or highlight the middle colonies. Write a caption for this map by summarizing the characteristics of the Middle Colonies. Caption: . 6 VARYING VIEWPOINTS (pp 64-65) Europeanizing America or Americanizing Europe? Concentrate on the first two paragraphs and the final paragraph of this section. They are important in emphasizing that history is anything but static— that historical interpretation is constantly evolving as new research is completed and as new perspectives are developed. Based on these few paragraphs summarize the perspective that your parents and grandparents might have found in their U.S. history textbook as compared to the perspective that you will expect to find in the remainder of this text: (1) Parents/Grandparents: (2) Current Perspectives: Look over the following quotes from two prominent historians of the colonial period and then answer the questions that follow “The most stupendous phenomenon of all history is the transit of European civilization to the two American continents. For four and a half centuries Europeans have been crossing the Atlantic to establish in a new world their blood, languages, religions, literatures, art, customs. This movement, involving many nations and millions of men and women, has been termed the expansion of a new Europe in America.” Thomas J. Wertenbaker, The Founding of American Civilization (1938) “The cultures of Africans and Indians— their agricultural techniques, modes of behavior, styles of speech, dress, food preference, music, dance, and other aspects of existence— became commingled with European culture. A New World it is . for those who became its peoples remade it, and in the process they remade themselves, whether red, white, or black.” Gary Nash, Red, White, and Black: The People of Early America (1974) In telling the story of early European interaction with native populations, would you say that American Pageant is closer to the interpretation of Wertenbaker or that of Nash? Provide three specific examples from the first 3 chapters to support your assessment. (1) (2) (3) . 7 Vocab… to know and to analyze… to understand… Review the definitions, highlight key terms, and state the significance of the name or event. When considering significance… think about what caused this… what effect did this have… what does this illustrate or show about this time or place? The first one is done as an example. Chapter 3 Term Review Historical Significance for the United States The term attached to John Calvin ’s main Puritans in England were attracted to the structure of concept of God knowing whether you are going to Hell or Heaven is predestination… supported reform… and became frustrated predestination. Some souls--the elect— with the slow rate of change in England during the had been destined for eternal bliss, others for eternal torment and Reformation. This motivated many to leave and travel to damnation. Even good works could not the “New World.” save the soul of a person who was marked for eternal fire. The belief that you are bound to Hell or Heaven, can Predestination became a hot topic in New England and make one very curious as to whether one will spend the rest of eternity in eternal eventually dissent against its strict rules increased. pain or bliss. Calvinists therefore constantly looked for signs of conversion, or signs that they are Heaven bound. Those who had this “proof” were the “visible saints.” Puritans believed only they (visible saints) should be allowed to hold membership in Church. The Separatists were a small group of dedicated Puritans who, irritated by the mixing of the “saints” and the “damned” in the same congregation, decided to break away entirely from the Church of England.