ALASKAN WAY VIADUCT REPLACEMENT PROJECT Final Environmental Impact Statement APPENDIX Q Hazardous Materials Discipline Report Submitted by: PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Prepared by: SHANNON & WILSON, INC J U L Y 2 0 1 1 Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement Project Final EIS Hazardous Materials Discipline Report The Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement Project is a joint effort between the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), and the City of Seattle. To conduct this project, WSDOT contracted with: Parsons Brinckerhoff 999 Third Avenue, Suite 3200 Seattle, WA 98104 In association with: Coughlin Porter Lundeen, Inc. EnviroIssues, Inc. GHD, Inc. HDR Engineering, Inc. Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. Magnusson Klemencic Associates, Inc. Mimi Sheridan, AICP Parametrix, Inc. Power Engineers, Inc. Shannon & Wilson, Inc. William P. Ott Construction Consultants SR 99: Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement Project July 2011 Hazardous Materials Discipline Report Final EIS This Page Intentionally Left Blank TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction and Summary ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Build Alternatives Overview ................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Bored Tunnel Alternative ........................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Cut-and-Cover Tunnel Alternative ............................................................................. 4 1.2.3 Elevated Structure Alternative ................................................................................... 5 1.3 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 Hazardous Materials Evaluation Overview ................................................................ 6 1.3.2 Regulatory Considerations ........................................................................................ 7 1.3.3 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 7 1.3.4 Affected Environment ................................................................................................ 7 1.3.5 Operational Effects, Mitigation, and Benefits ............................................................. 8 1.3.6 Construction Effects and Mitigation ......................................................................... 10 Chapter 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 19 2.1 Records Reviews and Project Research ........................................................................... 19 2.2 Study Areas ....................................................................................................................... 20 2.3 Site Screening and Evaluation Criteria .............................................................................. 21 2.3.1 Initial Regulatory Sites Screening ............................................................................ 22 2.3.2 Initial Historical Sites Screening .............................................................................. 22 2.3.3 Site Screening – Current Approach ......................................................................... 24 2.3.4 Site Screening Before June 2009 ............................................................................ 28 Chapter 3 Studies and Coordination ........................................................................................... 31 3.1 Historical Records Reviewed ............................................................................................. 31 3.1.1 Washington State Archive Records ......................................................................... 31 3.1.2 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps ................................................................................. 31 3.1.3 Polk Directories ....................................................................................................... 32 3.1.4 Aerial Photographs .................................................................................................. 32 3.1.5 King County Tax Assessor Records ........................................................................ 32 3.2 Regulatory Records Review .............................................................................................. 32 3.2.1 EPA Databases ....................................................................................................... 33 3.2.2 Washington State Regulatory Databases ................................................................ 36 3.3 Ecology Files Review ......................................................................................................... 37 3.4 Evaluation of Sites on Regulatory Lists ............................................................................. 38 3.5 Windshield Surveys of the Study Area ............................................................................... 40 3.6 Potential to Encounter Asbestos and Lead-Based Paint ................................................... 40 3.7 Environmental Site Assessments and Hazardous Material Surveys ................................. 41 3.8 Subsurface Explorations .................................................................................................... 45 3.8.1 Soil Sampling and Analysis ..................................................................................... 46 3.8.2 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis ....................................................................... 47 Chapter 4 Affected Environment ................................................................................................. 49 4.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................................................ 50 4.1.1 South Area ............................................................................................................... 52 4.1.2 Central Area ............................................................................................................ 53 4.1.3 North Area ............................................................................................................... 62 SR 99: Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement Project July 2011 Hazardous Materials Discipline Report i Final EIS 4.2 Field Data ........................................................................................................................... 63 4.2.1 Soil ........................................................................................................................... 76 4.2.2 Groundwater ............................................................................................................ 85 4.3 Historical Land Use ............................................................................................................ 88 4.3.1 Contaminants of Concern......................................................................................... 88 4.3.2 Major Cuts and Fills in the Study Areas ................................................................. 123 4.4 Validated Sites ................................................................................................................. 126 Chapter 5 Operational Effects, Mitigation, and Benefits .......................................................... 129 5.1 Operational Effects of the Viaduct Closed (No Build Alternative) ..................................... 129 5.2 Bored Tunnel Alternative .................................................................................................. 131 5.2.1 Operational Effects ................................................................................................. 131 5.2.2 Viaduct Removal .................................................................................................... 133 5.2.3 Battery Street Tunnel Decommissioning ................................................................ 133 5.2.4 Mitigation ................................................................................................................ 134 5.2.5 Benefits .................................................................................................................. 135 5.3 Cut-and-Cover Tunnel Alternative .................................................................................... 135 5.3.1 Operational Effects ................................................................................................. 135 5.3.2 Mitigation ................................................................................................................ 136 5.3.3 Benefits .................................................................................................................. 136 5.4 Elevated Structure Alternative .......................................................................................... 137 5.4.1 Operational Effects ................................................................................................. 137 5.4.2 Mitigation ................................................................................................................ 138 5.4.3 Benefits .................................................................................................................