T S C of O WRITING MANUAL A Guide to Citations, Style, and Judicial Opinion Writing effective july 1, 2013 second edition Published for the Supreme Court of Ohio WRITING MANUAL A Guide to Citations, Style, and Judicial Opinion Writing MAUREEN O’CONNOR Chief Justice SHARON L. KENNEDY JUDITH L. FRENCH PATRICK F. FISCHER R. PATRICK DeWINE MICHAEL P. DONNELLY MELODY J. STEWART Justices The Supreme Court of Ohio Style Manual Committee HON. JUDITH ANN LANZINGER JUSTICE, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO Chair HON. TERRENCE O’DONNELL JUSTICE, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO HON. JUDITH L. FRENCH JUSTICE, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO STEVEN C. HOLLON ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO ARTHUR J. MARZIALE JR., Retired July 31, 2012 DIRECTOR OF LEGAL RESOURCES, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO SANDRA H. GROSKO REPORTER OF DECISIONS, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO RALPH W. PRESTON, Retired July 31, 2011 REPORTER OF DECISIONS, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO MARY BETH BEAZLEY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF LAW AND DIRECTOR OF LEGAL WRITING, MORITZ COLLEGE OF LAW, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY C. MICHAEL WALSH ADMINISTRATOR, NINTH APPELLATE DISTRICT The committee wishes to gratefully acknowledge the invaluable contributions of editor Pam Wynsen of the Reporter’s Office, as well as the excellent formatting assistance of John VanNorman, Policy and Research Counsel to the Administrative Director. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...........................................................................................................................ix PART I. MANUAL OF CITATIONS INTRODUCTION TO THE MANUAL OF CITATIONS .................................................3 SECTION ONE: CASES ....................................................................................................5 1.1. Ohio Court Cases .........................................................................................5 A. Importance of May 1, 2002 .................................................................5 B. Ohio cases decided before May 1, 2002 .............................................5 C. Ohio cases decided on or after May 1, 2002 .....................................13 1.2. Ohio Administrative Decisions ..................................................................18 1.3. Abbreviations for Reporters of Ohio Cases ...............................................19 OHIO CITATIONS AT A GLANCE ................................................................................21 1.4. Federal Cases .............................................................................................23 A. United States Supreme Court cases ...............................................23 B. Federal circuit court cases ..............................................................24 C. Federal district court cases .............................................................25 1.5. Out-of-State Court Cases ...........................................................................26 A. Print published ...............................................................................26 B. Non-print published .......................................................................28 C. Public-domain citation formats ......................................................28 D. Abbreviations for out-of-state reporters .........................................29 E. Abbreviations for West’s regional reporters and others ................35 The Supreme Court of Ohio i Writing Manual 1.6. Foreign Cases... ..........................................................................................37 SECTION TWO: CONSTITUTIONS ..............................................................................39 2.1. Ohio Constitution....... ................................................................................39 2.2. United States Constitution .........................................................................40 SECTION THREE: STATUTES AND ORDINANCES .................................................41 3.1. Ohio Statutes... ...........................................................................................41 A. Abbreviations .................................................................................41 B. Section numbers, chapters, and titles .............................................41 C. Legislative acts...............................................................................42 3.2. Ohio Municipal Ordinances .......................................................................43 3.3. Federal Statutes ..........................................................................................43 3.4. Out-of-State Statutes. .................................................................................44 3.5. Miscellaneous Foreign Statutes .................................................................45 SECTION FOUR: RULES AND REGULATIONS ........................................................47 4.1. Ohio Rules .................................................................................................47 4.2. Ohio Local Rules of Court... ......................................................................48 4.3. Federal Rules .............................................................................................49 4.4. Ohio Regulations .......................................................................................49 4.5. Federal Regulations ...................................................................................50 SECTION FIVE: SECONDARY SOURCES ..................................................................51 5.1. Restatements ..............................................................................................51 5.2. Texts, Treatises, and Dictionaries ..............................................................51 5.3. Law Reviews..... .........................................................................................53 The Supreme Court of Ohio ii Writing Manual A. Elements of citation .......................................................................53 B. Title and source ..............................................................................53 5.4. Annotations ................................................................................................55 5.5. Encyclopedias ............................................................................................55 5.6. Ohio Attorney General Opinions ...............................................................56 5.7. Nonlegal Magazines and Newspapers .......................................................56 5.8. Internet .......................................................................................................57 SECTION SIX: MISCELLANEOUS CITATION RULES .............................................59 6.1. Short-Form Citations .................................................................................59 A. Generally ........................................................................................59 B. Information within a short-form citation .......................................59 C. Short-form citations for cases that have no WebCite ....................59 D. Short-form citations for cases with a WebCite ..............................60 E. Short-form citations for sources other than cases ..........................61 6.2. Signal Words ..............................................................................................63 A. Definition .......................................................................................63 B. Style ...............................................................................................63 C. Common signals.............................................................................63 D. Use of signal words ........................................................................64 6.3. Citations Omitted..... ..................................................................................69 A. Use.. ...............................................................................................69 B. Attribution of a quotation within a quotation ................................70 6.4. Explanatory Case History ..........................................................................70 The Supreme Court of Ohio iii Writing Manual A. Style ...............................................................................................70 B. History affecting precedential value ..............................................71 6.5. Placement of Citation .................................................................................72 6.6. Emphasis Sic, Emphasis Added, Emphasis Deleted... ...............................73 A. General ...........................................................................................73 B. Emphasis sic...................................................................................73 C. Emphasis added .............................................................................74 D. Emphasis deleted ...........................................................................74 6.7. Spacing within Parentheses in Citations ....................................................75 A. Abbreviated words .........................................................................75 B. Unabbreviated words .....................................................................75 C. Ordinal numbers .............................................................................75 D. Names of months ...........................................................................76