Darwin Initiative for the Survival of Species Annual Report 1. Darwin Project Information Project title Establishment of Penguin Monitoring Programme Country(ies) Chile Contractor Environmental Research Unit Project Reference No. 162/9/007 Grant Value £10,350 p.a. for 3 years Start/Finishing dates April 2001 to March 2004 Reporting period April 2003 2. Project Background • Briefly describe the location and circumstances of the project and the problem that the project aims to tackle. The project takes place on Magdalena Island, near the city of Punta Arenas in southern Chile. Magdalena Island is one of Chile’s most important breeding sites for Magellanic penguins, a species whose global distribution is restricted to southern South America. Best guess estimates put the current world population of Magellanic penguins at around 1.5 million breeding pairs, with approximately 700,000 pairs in Chile, 650,000 pairs in Argentina and 150,000 pairs in the Falkland Islands (Bingham 1998, Bingham & Mejias 1999, Gandini et al. 1998). Population studies in the Falkland Islands conducted by Mike Bingham have revealed an 80% decline in Magellanic penguins between 1990/91 and 2002/03. A reduction of fish and squid resulting from large-scale commercial fishing appears to be the cause of the penguin decline, through reduction of foraging rates, breeding success and juvenile survival (Bingham 2002). Population studies conducted in Argentina show evidence of decline at some colonies, but not all (Boersma 1997). Declines in Argentina appear to be largely the result of high adult and juvenile mortality caused by oil pollution. An estimated 40,000 Magellanic penguins are killed by oil pollution every year along the coast of Argentina, representing the main cause of adult mortality (Gandini et al. 1994). No population studies have yet been carried out on Magellanic penguins in Chile, even though Chile holds around half the world's population. The reason for this is a lack of financial resources, which has not only prevented the establishment of a long- term monitoring programme, but also inhibited training of local personnel in seabird monitoring techniques. With large scale population declines occurring elsewhere, it is vital to determine whether penguin populations in Chile are under threat, and the project seeks to provide this information. 1 3. Project Objectives • State the purpose and objectives (or purpose and outputs) of the project. Please include the Logical Framework for this project (as an appendix) if this formed part of the original proposal or has been developed since, and report against this. Chile is a country rich in biodiversity, but with limited financial resources or expertise in environmental protection. The project aims to set up a long-term penguin monitoring programme, and to train Chile’s existing manpower resources to run the programme on a long-term basis, thereby helping them to honour their commitments under the Biodiversity Convention. One of Chile's largest and most important Magellanic penguin breeding sites is situated on Magdalena Island in the Straits of Magellan. Provisional examination suggests that Magellanic penguins are not declining on Magdalena Island, despite its close proximity to the Falklands, but a long-term monitoring programme needs to be established in order to accurately determine population trends. Magdalena Island holds a population of around 60,000 breeding pairs of Magellanic penguin, making it an ideal site at which to establish Chile's first long-term penguin monitoring programme. The island has been designated a national nature reserve because of its importance as a Magellanic penguin breeding site, and it is managed by the Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF), but the island is also a popular tourist destination. It is therefore important to monitor the effects of tourism on penguin survival and breeding success. The programme will eventually enable Chile to monitor its globally important penguin populations, and to ensure the sustainable use of Magdalena Island as a tourist resource. A logistical framework for the aims and objectives of the project are attached as Appendix 1. • Have the objectives or proposed operational plan been modified over the last year and have these changes been approved by the Darwin Secretariat? No changes to the objectives or operational plan have been required, and the programme is progressing as predicted 4. Progress • Please provide a brief history of the project to the beginning of this reporting period. (1 para.) • Summarise progress over the last year against the agreed baseline timetable for the period. Explain differences including any slippage or additional outputs and activities. • Provide an account of the project’s research, training, and/or technical work during the last year. This should include discussion on selection criteria for participants, research and training methodologies as well as results. Please summarise techniques and results and, if necessary, provide more detailed information in appendices (this may include cross-references to attached publications) • Discuss any significant difficulties encountered during the year. • Has the design of the project been enhanced over the last year, e.g. refining methods, indicators for measuring achievements, exit strategies? 2 • Present a timetable (workplan) for the next reporting period. Between April and October 2001 a general study was made of the area in order to establish the vegetation and habitat types typical of the area. This enabled baseline survey techniques and classification categories to be adapted for local conditions. During November and December 2001 a comprehensive baseline survey of Magdalena Island was conducted, mapping out littoral and terrestrial habitat types, and recording the location and population size of all birds and mammals present on the island. During November 2001, 50m x 50m field plots were established at various locations around the island, and the number of breeding pairs in each plot was recorded. From November through February the plots were monitored daily to record nesting activity, and to determine hatching dates, fledging dates, chick growth rates, causes of egg/chick mortality, and the nesting/foraging patterns of adults. During January and February juveniles returning to moult were counted every few days to determine juvenile survival. During November 2002 the field plots established in 2001 were again counted to see if any population change had occurred. This work has been undertaken with the assistance of park wardens who live on the island, who were shown how to undertake monitoring techniques. A draft version of a training manual has also been prepared which will assist in training the wardens in carrying out monitoring work, and which explains the ecological principals behind the work being done (Appendix 2). The project aims to have the wardens fully trained in all penguin monitoring techniques employed on the island, so that they will be able to take over the long-term running of the penguin monitoring programme after completion of the Darwin Project in 2004. Work has begun developing of a Spanish language web site for Magdalena Island which will be hosted by the Chilean government. The site will be called Project Magdalena. The work has progressed in complete accordance with the baseline timetables set out for the period, and there has been no need to alter the programme techniques or timetable for the coming year. In addition a census of nearby Contramaestra Island was conducted to determine its status. This revealed a previously unknown penguin colony of around 30,000 breeding pairs. The Chile government has proposed adding this island to the protected area which makes up the National Park. TIMETABLE FOR FORTHCOMING REPORTING PERIOD April to October 2003: The results of the first season’s data will be written up and presented to the host country, accompanied by press releases. CONAF staff will discuss the research data and draft training manual. The training manual will be amended and improved with the assistance of all parties after it has been evaluated in the field. Comparisons of breeding success and chick survival will be made for areas with tourists and those without. An end of year report will be drawn up, along with completion of the Spanish language web site. October 2003 to March 2004: Repeat of monitoring and training on Magdalena Island. Assessment of progress and amendments to training material as required. Production of management plan for the island. Final handing over of the monitoring programme to Chilean hosts. 3 5. Partnerships • Describe collaboration between UK and host country partner(s) over the last year. Are there difficulties or unforeseen problems or advantages of these relationships? • Has the project been able to collaborate with similar projects in the host country or establish new links with / between local or international organisations involved in biodiversity conservation? The project has been a truly multi-national affair. Funds and expertise have been provided by Britain, backed by a Falkland Islands research organisation, working to support an impoverished host country, Chile. The project team itself has been made up of a British project leader and a Chilean field assistant, working with Chilean staff who are being trained to take over the penguin monitoring programme, when the Darwin Project ends in 2004. There have been no difficulties but many benefits. CONAF, who are the owners of the reserve, are very pleased not only with the work so far achieved, but also because they welcome the opportunity to have staff trained in penguin monitoring techniques, so that they can eventually run the programme themselves, using existing resources. The project is also generating awareness amongst tourist operators, of the need for tourism to be managed in a sustainable manner, to safeguard not only the wildlife resources, but also the industry as a whole. 6. Impact and Sustainability • Discuss the profile of the project within the country and what efforts have been made during the year to promote the work.