Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES URUGEREKO RW’UBUJURIRE Abacamanza : Claude Jorda, Perezida Lal Chand Vohrah Mohamed Shahabuddeen Rafael Nieto-Navia Fausto Pocar Gerefiye: Adama Dieng Itariki: 1 Kamena 2001 POROKIRERI Aburana na: JEAN-PAUL AKAYESU Urubanza No ICTR-96-4-A INYANDIKO Y’URUBANZA MU BUJURIRE Abavoka bunganira Jean-Paul Akayesu: John Philpot André Tremblay Ibiro bya Porokireri: Carla Del Ponte Solomon Loh Wen-qi Zhu Sonja Boelaert-Suominem Morris Anyah AMASHAKIRO I. INTANGIRIRO ............................................................................................................................................... 2 A. Urubanza mu Rugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo. ............................................................................. 2 a. Iburanisha mu bujurire ..................................................................................................................... 4 II. IBIBAZO RUSANGE BYABYUKIJWE MU BUJURIRE............................................................................ 6 A. Iyakirwa ry’ubujurire bwa Porokireri ............................................................................................... 6 1. Ibivugwa n’ababuranyi ....................................................................................................... 6 2. Isesengura ry’Urugereko .................................................................................................... 9 B. Ibibazo by’ikubitiro byerekeranye n’ubujurire bwa Akayesu ........................................................ 15 1. Uburyo Akayesu yakoresheje ........................................................................................... 15 b. Imiterere y’igisubizo cya Porokireri ................................................................................. 21 III. IMPAMVU Z’UBUJURIRE BWA AKAYESU .......................................................................................... 22 A. Impamvu y’ubujurire ya mbere: Akayesu yavukijwe uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa n’avoka yihitiyemo ......................................................................................................................... 23 1. Uko ibintu byagenze n’imiburanishirize ........................................................................... 23 2. Ibivugwa n’ababuranyi ..................................................................................................... 26 a. Uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo avoka umwunganira ...................................... 26 b. Uburenganzia bwo kwiburanira ......................................................................... 30 3. Isesengura ry’Urugereko .................................................................................................. 30 a. Ku birebana no kwihitiramo avoka .................................................................... 30 b. Uburenganzira bwo kwiburanira ....................................................................... 33 B. Impamvu y’ubujurire ya kabiri: Akayesu yavukijwe uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa n’avoka ubifitiye ubushobozi .......................................................................................................... 34 1. Ibivugwa n’ababuranyi ..................................................................................................... 34 a. Ibishingirwaho mu gusuzuma iyo ngingo y’ubujurire ....................................... 35 b. Ibimenyetso birebana no kuba Avoka adashoboye akazi ................................... 36 2. Isesengura ry’Urugereko .................................................................................................. 41 C. Impamvu y’ubujurire ya gatatu: Kuba Urukiko rutigenga kandi rubogamye . ............................... 46 a. Urukiko rwari rubogamye kandi ntirwigengaga ............................................................... 47 i. Ibivugwa n’Akayesu kuri iyi ngingo ................................................................... 47 ii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ................................................................................... 48 b. Ikurikiranacyaha rirangwa n’ivangura .............................................................................. 49 i. Ibivugwa na Akayesu kuri iyi ngingo ................................................................. 49 ii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ................................................................................... 49 c. Imikorere y’Urukiko n’ukuntu intambara yo mu Rwanda ifatwa..................................... 51 i. Ibivugwa n’Akayesu ........................................................................................... 51 ii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ................................................................................... 52 D. Impamvu y’ubujurire ya kane: Amakosa akomeye mu rubanza rumuhamya icyaha ...................... 53 1. Ingingo ya mbere: Guhindura Inyandiko y’ibirego ya mbere mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ................................................................................................ 53 a. Ingingo z’ababuranyi ........................................................................................................ 53 b. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ................................................................................... 56 i. Kuba nta mpaka zagiwe mbere y’uko Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rufata icyemezo ..................................................... 56 2. Ingingo ya kabiri: kudaha agaciro gakwiye ubuhamya bwanditse bwatanzwe mbere ................................................................................................................................ 62 a. Kuba Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rushyira imbere ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu Rukiko ....................................................................... 64 i. Ingingo z’ababuranyi ........................................................................... 64 ii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ..................................................................... 66 b. Kumenyekanisha ibimenyetso, n’ubuhamya butatangiwe mu iburanisha........................................................................................................... 76 i i. Ingingo za Akayesu .............................................................................. 76 ii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ..................................................................... 77 c. Umwanzuro w’Urugereko .................................................................................. 85 3. Ingingo ya gatatu: Kudakurikiza ihame risaba gushingira ku bimenyetso umuntu ushyira mu gaciro atashidikanyaho, amakosa akomeye yo mu rwego rw’ibyabaye ...................................................................................................................... 86 a. Ibyo Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rushobora gusuzuma mu bujurire ..................... 87 b. Ibibazo byabyukijwe na Akayesu ........................................................................ 90 i. Igika cya 12A n’icya 12B by’Inyandiko y’ibirego: ibirego byerekeranye n’urugomo rwibasira imyanya ndangagitsina ....................................................................................... 90 a. Igika cya 460 cy’inyandiko y’Urubanza mu rw’iremezo ..................... 91 ii. Ibivugwa n’ababuranyi ........................................................................ 91 iii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ..................................................................... 92 b. Ubuhamya bw’Uregwa ........................................................................ 94 i. Ibivugwa n’ababuranyi ........................................................................ 94 ii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ..................................................................... 94 c. Ukutabogama kw’abacamanza b’Urugereko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo ........................................................................................... 96 a. Ibyo ababuranyi bavuga ku magambo y’Umucamanza Pillay .................................................................................................... 96 ii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ku magambo y’Umucamanza Pillay .................................................................................................... 97 iii. Ibivugwa n’ababuranyi ku magambo y’Umucamanza Kama .................................................................................................... 98 iv. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ku magambo y’Umucamanza Kama .................................................................................................... 99 d. Amagambo yakoreshejwe mu Kinyarwanda avuga gusambanya ku gahato ....................................................................... 102 i. Ingingo z’ababuranyi ......................................................................... 102 ii. Isesengura ry’Urugereko ................................................................... 102 ii. Igika cya 14 cy’Inyandiko y’ibirego: inama yabereye i Gishyeshye no guhamagarira abantu gukora jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Taba .................................................................................................................. 105 a. Igika cya 349 cy’Inyandiko y’urubanza ............................................. 105 i. Ibivugwa n’ababuranyi ...................................................................... 106 (ii) Isesengura ry’Urugereko ................................................................... 106 b. Igika cya 361 n’icya 362 by’inyandiko y’urubanza ........................... 108