U.S. INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM (US IOTWS) PROGRAM REVIEW OF POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR EARLY WARNING AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA JANUARY 2007 January 2007 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by the IRG-Tetra Tech Joint Venture. U.S. INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM (US IOTWS) PROGRAM REVIEW OF POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR EARLY WARNING AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA (OCTOBER 1-13, 2006) JANUARY 2007 Prepared for U.S. Agency for International Development by IRG & Tetra Tech Joint Venture under Contract No. EPP-I-02-04-00024-00 U.S. IOTWS Program Document No.14-IOTWS-06 DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................ 1 Preface ..................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 4 1. Policy and Legislative Environment for Disaster Management .................... 6 1.1 Legislative Environment .......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Institutional Environment ....................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Political Environment ............................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Policy Formulation ................................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Policy Supports Disaster Management at All Levels ........................................................ 9 1.6 Involvement of Other Government Stakeholders ......................................................... 10 1.7 Linkages with Other Government Policies ...................................................................... 11 2. National Disaster Management Office or Equivalent ................................... 12 2.1 Mandate .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Disaster Management Capacities ........................................................................................ 14 2.3 Financial Resources ................................................................................................................ 17 3. Military and Police ............................................................................................ 19 4. NGOS and Civil Society ................................................................................... 21 5. Current System Capacity ................................................................................ 23 5.1 Early Warning .......................................................................................................................... 23 5.2 Overall Disaster Readiness .................................................................................................. 24 5.3 Recovery and Reconstruction ............................................................................................. 25 6. Summary and Recommendations .................................................................. 27 6.1 Strengths ................................................................................................................................... 27 6.2 Weaknesses ............................................................................................................................. 27 6.3 Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 28 Annex A: Matrix for Indonesia ............................................................................ 30 Annex B: Indonesia Disaster History (1907-2006) ............................................ 40 Annex C: List of Persons/Organizations Interviewed ...................................... 57 Annex D: Schematic of Government Structure for Disaster Management . 59 Annex E: Information Sources ............................................................................ 60 REVIEW OF POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY I ACRONYMS ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Center APBN Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (Budget of National Income and Expenditure) BAKORNAS PB Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penangulangan Bencana (National Coordination Board for Disaster Management) BAKOSURTANAL National Mapping and Survey Coordinating Board BAPPEDA Provincial Development Planning Agency BAPPENAS National Development Planning Agency BASARNAS Badan Search And Rescue Nasional (National Search and Rescue Body) BMG Badan Meteorologi & Geofisika (Meteorological and Geophysical Agency) BPPT, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology) BPS Badan Pusat Statistik (Statistics Indonesia) BRR Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi (Agency of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for the Region and Community of Aceh) BULOG Badan Urusan Logistic Nasional (Agency for Logistic Affairs) CRED Center for Research in the Epidemiology of Disasters DKI Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta (Jakarta Special Capital Region) DEPDAGRI Ministry of Home Affairs DEPLU Departemen Luar Negeri (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) DKP Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries) DMP disaster management plan DPR RI Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (People’s Consultative Assembly) DRM disaster risk management DAD Development Assistance Database ESDM Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources) EOC Emergency Operations Center IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IIDP Indonesian Institute for Disaster Preparedness ITB Bandung Institute of Technology Kalakhar Kepala Pelaksana Harian (Daily Executive) KEMENKOKESRA Office of Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare REVIEW OF POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY 1 KLH Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup (Ministry of Environment) KOGAMI Kommunitas Siaga Tsunami (Tsunami Prepared Communities) KOMINFO Ministry of Communication and Information LAPAN National Space and Aviation Institute LIPI Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (National Institute of Sciences) MPBI Indonesian Society for Disaster Management NGO non-governmental organizations PMI Indonesian Red Cross Society PEMDA local government PEMKOT municipal government PEMPROV provincial government PERDA regional regulation PERPRES presidential regulation PMB Disaster Mitigation Center PROTAP PB Standing Operating Procedure on Disaster Management RANPRB National Action Plan for Disaster Reduction RISTEK State Ministry of Research and Technology RUPUSDALOPS operations control room RUU PB disaster management bill SMS Short Message Service SATKORLAK PB Implementing Coordination Unit for Disaster Management (provincial level) SATLAK PB Implementing Unit for Disaster Management (district level) SOP standing operating procedure TEWS tsunami early warning system TNI Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian Armed Forces) UNDP United Nations Development Programme UN ISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction USAID United States Agency for International Development UNESCO-IOC United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission WALHI Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (Friends of the Earth-Indonesia) 2 US IOTWS INDONESIA CASE STUDY, JANUARY 2007 PREFACE This activity is conducted under the US IOTWS program area 3: “National Dissemination and Communication of Warnings” and sub-component 3a: “National Disaster Management Capacity Building”. The study focuses on the capacities of the Indonesian disaster management institutional arrangements and the various factors such as policies, legislation, and institutional systems that govern disaster risk management in Indonesia. Ramraj Narasimhan and S.H.M. Fakhruddin of the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) and Hening Parlan, a consultant of the Indonesian Society for Disaster Management (MPBI) carried out this study over a period of two weeks on behalf of the US IOTWS Program. This study undertook an analysis of data to inform policy to support national disaster management organization (NDMO) operations, building on the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) assessment report completed in December 2005 and including a further gap analysis. The study builds upon the premise that early warnings will only be as effective as the collective strengths of policies, laws, institutional frameworks, and the capacities of national and local agencies and officials responsible for disaster management systems. Hence this activity will clarify and advance the political mandate for disaster management responsibilities in Indonesia. It also assesses policy and regulatory frameworks that define Indonesia’s approach to disaster management. As indicated in the program document, it also supports targeted national policy and regulatory interventions that strengthen overall national emergency management