Mobile Metropolises: Urban Transport Matters An IEG Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Support for Urban Transport © 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction This work is a product of the staff of The World RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS and Development / The World Bank Bank with external contributions. The findings, The material in this work is subject to copyright. 1818 H Street NW interpretations, and conclusions expressed in Because The World Bank encourages Washington, DC 20433 this work do not necessarily reflect the views dissemination of its knowledge, this work Telephone: 202-473-1000 of The World Bank, its Board of Executive may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for Internet: www.worldbank.org Directors, or the governments they represent. noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Any queries on rights and licenses, including The boundaries, colors, denominations, and subsidiary rights, should be addressed to other information shown on any map in this World Bank Publications, The World Bank work do not imply any judgment on the part Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC of The World Bank concerning the legal 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: status of any territory or the endorsement [email protected]. or acceptance of such boundaries. Mobile Metropolises: Urban Transport Matters An IEG Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Support for Urban Transport Contents ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................. VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................................... VII OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................ IX MANAGEMENT RESPONSE* ............................................................................................................ XVI INDEPENDENT EVALUATION GROUP COMMENTS ON MANAGEMENT RESPONSE* .............. XVII MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD ................................................................................................. XVIII REPORT TO THE BOARD FROM THE COMMITTEE ON DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS SUBCOMMITTEE* ............................................................................................................................. XXV 1. WHY URBAN TRANSPORT MATTERS ................................................................................... 1 Why an Urban Transport Evaluation? ....................................................................................................................... 2 Objective, Scope, and Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 3 References ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 2. THE WORLD BANK GROUP’S PORTFOLIO SUPPORT FOR URBAN TRANSPORT ........... 7 Regional Distribution and the African Exception ....................................................................................................... 9 Advisory Services and Analytics ............................................................................................................................. 11 IFC and MIGA Portfolios ......................................................................................................................................... 12 3. MOBILITY FOR ALL ............................................................................................................... 14 Enhanced Capacity and Improved Service Quality ................................................................................................. 15 Improved Demand Management ............................................................................................................................. 16 Inclusive Services ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Affordable Services ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Mobility Results ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 Drivers of Success and Failure ............................................................................................................................... 26 References .............................................................................................................................................................. 28 4. SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT .................................................................................. 29 Financial Sustainability ............................................................................................................................................ 29 Environmental Sustainability ................................................................................................................................... 36 References .............................................................................................................................................................. 40 5. URBAN TRANSPORT INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ..................................................... 43 World Bank Group Support for Institutional Capacity Building ................................................................................ 44 iii CONTENTS World Bank Group Support for Fiscal Capacity Enhancement ............................................................................... 46 World Bank Group Support for Urban Transport Institution Structural Change ...................................................... 47 Drivers of Success and Failure ............................................................................................................................... 48 6. BEYOND PROJECTS: KNOWLEDGE AND CONVENING POWER ...................................... 50 Sources of World Bank Group Value Added ........................................................................................................... 50 Advanced Knowledge and Knowledge Sharing ...................................................................................................... 50 Convening and Mobilizing Power and Policy Influence ........................................................................................... 53 7. CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................... 56 Balancing the Portfolio ............................................................................................................................................ 56 Including the Disadvantaged ................................................................................................................................... 56 Benefits of Comprehensive Engagements .............................................................................................................. 57 Strengthening Work Quality .................................................................................................................................... 58 Boxes Box 4.1. Partnership: The Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility ..............................................33 Box 4.2. World Bank Support for Metro PPP in Brazil ...........................................................................34 Box 4.3. Partnership. Global Environmental Facility Trust Fund ............................................................38 Box 5.1. Partnership: The Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Program .......................................................45 Box 5.2. Continuous World Bank Group Support Catalyzed Effective Institutions .................................48 Box 6.1. Promoting South-South Learning ............................................................................................51 Box 6.2. Leaders in Urban Transport .....................................................................................................52 Figures Figure 1.1. Progression of World Bank Group Strategies Relating to Urban Transport .......................... 3 Figure 1.2. Theory of Change of the World Bank Group’s Urban Transport Activities ............................ 4 Figure 2.1. World Bank Group Urban Transport Portfolio FY07–16 ........................................................ 8 Figure 2.2. Urban Transport Projects and Commitments, by Mode and Period of Appraisal .................. 9 Figure 2.3. Urban Transport Projects and Commitments, by Region and Period of Appraisal ...............10 Figure 2.4. Africa Region UT Commitments, by Period .........................................................................10 Figure 2.5. UT ASA Portfolio by Topic ...................................................................................................11 Figure 2.6. Urban Transport Portfolio, by Country Income Level and Period .........................................11 Figure 3.1. Traffic Demand Management Measures in World Bank Group Urban Transport Activities, by Mode......................................................................................................................................................17