Unit 1002 Title Describe Forest Industry Document type Learning Resource In consultation with industry subject matter experts, the BC Forest Safety Council (BCFSC) facilitated the production of this material. Printed copies are considered uncontrolled and may be outdated. Current versions are available from the BCFSC. Refer to http://bcforestsafe.org/node/2823 for more information. Feedback is welcome and may be sent to [email protected]. lng_1002_Describe_Forest_Industry.docx Page 2 of 78 Date: April 28, 2020 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................. 3 Unit Introduction ................................................................................................... 6 Section 1002-1: Terminology and Phases of Forestry ........................................ 7 Key Point 1.1: General Terminology in the Forest Industry ................................. 8 Learner Activity .................................................................................................. 22 Answer ............................................................................................................... 23 Key Point 1.2 Phases of Forestry ...................................................................... 24 Engineering and Planning ............................................................................. 24 Road Building ................................................................................................ 24 Falling ............................................................................................................ 24 Skidding ......................................................................................................... 25 Yarding........................................................................................................... 25 Log Hauling .................................................................................................... 25 Dryland Sort ................................................................................................... 25 Booming ......................................................................................................... 25 Scaling ........................................................................................................... 25 Grading .......................................................................................................... 25 End Location of Product ................................................................................ 25 Salvage .......................................................................................................... 26 Waste Management....................................................................................... 26 Deactivation ................................................................................................... 26 Silviculture...................................................................................................... 26 Section 1002-2: Forestry as a Business ............................................................ 27 Key Point 2.1: Forestry as a Business ............................................................... 28 Sustainable Forestry ...................................................................................... 28 Tenures .......................................................................................................... 29 Privately Managed Forest Lands ................................................................... 29 Section 1002-3: Harvesting Methods ................................................................. 30 Key Point 3.1: Harvesting Methods ................................................................... 31 Cable Yarding ............................................................................................ 31 Grapple Yarding ........................................................................................ 32 Super Snorkel ............................................................................................ 32 Long Line ................................................................................................... 33 Single Tree Select Harvesting ................................................................... 33 Helicopter .................................................................................................. 33 Horse Logging ........................................................................................... 34 Clean Up (Salvage) ................................................................................... 34 Key Point 3.2: Equipment used for Mechanical Harvesting .............................. 35 Processor .................................................................................................. 35 lng_1002_Describe_Forest_Industry.docx Page 3 of 78 Date: April 28, 2020 Feller Buncher ........................................................................................... 36 Skidder ...................................................................................................... 36 Forwarder .................................................................................................. 37 Delimber .................................................................................................... 37 Dozer ......................................................................................................... 38 Self-Quiz............................................................................................................. 39 Self-Quiz - Answers ........................................................................................... 42 Learner Activity .................................................................................................. 43 Answers.............................................................................................................. 45 Section 1002-4: Environmental and Cultural Considerations ............................ 46 Key Point 4.1: Environmental Considerations ................................................... 47 Ground and Site Disturbance ........................................................................ 47 Waterways and Stream Disturbance ............................................................. 47 Wildlife ........................................................................................................... 47 Key Point 4.2: Cultural Considerations .............................................................. 48 First Nations ................................................................................................... 48 Culturally modified trees ............................................................................ 48 Other modified trees .................................................................................. 49 Archaeological sites .................................................................................. 50 Government Ministries ................................................................................... 50 Section 1002-5: Types of Trees and Logs ......................................................... 51 Key Point 5.1: Types of Trees Logged In British Columbia and their Use ........ 52 Group 1 .......................................................................................................... 52 Douglas fir ................................................................................................. 52 Larch .......................................................................................................... 53 Pine ........................................................................................................... 53 Spruce ....................................................................................................... 55 Group 2 .......................................................................................................... 57 Group 3 .......................................................................................................... 58 Hemlock..................................................................................................... 58 Deciduous trees ............................................................................................. 59 Learner Activity .................................................................................................. 60 Answers.............................................................................................................. 62 Key Point 5.2: Grade of Logs ............................................................................. 63 Cedar and Douglas Fir Poles .................................................................... 63 Chip and Saw Logs ................................................................................... 63 Cull Logs.................................................................................................... 63 Cut-to-Length Logs .................................................................................... 63 Gang .......................................................................................................... 63 High Grade (Premium) .............................................................................. 63 lng_1002_Describe_Forest_Industry.docx Page 4 of 78 Date: April 28, 2020 Mulch ......................................................................................................... 64 Peeler Logs ..............................................................................................