Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2017 Pots, Pans, and Politics: Feasting in Early Horizon Nepeña, Peru Kenneth Edward Sutherland Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Sutherland, Kenneth Edward, "Pots, Pans, and Politics: Feasting in Early Horizon Nepeña, Peru" (2017). LSU Master's Theses. 4572. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4572 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POTS, PANS, AND POLITICS: FEASTING IN EARLY HORIZON NEPEÑA, PERU A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Kenneth Edward Sutherland B.S. and B.A., Louisiana State University, 2015 August 2017 DEDICATION I wrote this thesis in memory of my great-grandparents, Sarah Inez Spence Brewer, Lillian Doucet Miller, and Augustine J. Miller, whom I was lucky enough to know during my youth. I also wrote this thesis in memory of my friends Heather Marie Guidry and Christopher Allan Trauth, who left this life too soon. I wrote this thesis in memory of my grandparents, James Edward Brewer, Matthew Roselius Sutherland, Bonnie Lynn Gaffney Sutherland, and Eloise Francis Miller Brewer, without whose support and encouragement I would not have returned to academic studies in the face of earlier adversity. Finally, I dedicate this thesis especially to the memory of Eloise Francis Miller Brewer, who passed away while I was writing, and to the future of Adrien Chicoine, who was born only a few short weeks later. These events serve as a reminder that our past brings us to this moment, and that our future is determined by the actions that we take. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research would not have been possible without the work and support of others. I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. David Chicoine, who set me on the path to this topic and whose knowledge and guidance brought me to this point. I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Jill Brody and Dr. Kent Mathewson, for their assistance and suggestions on how to improve this thesis. I would further like to thank Dr. David Chicoine, Dr. Matthew Helmer, Dr. Hugo Ikehara, Michelle Miller, Jessica Ortiz, Steven Treloar, Jacob Warner, Ashley Whitten, and the many other people whose previous work this research was reliant upon. I would like to thank the Friends of the LSU Libraries for their generous funding of the Goodrich-Taylor Assistantship, without which my graduate studies would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my coworkers in Special Collections at Hill Memorial Library who enlightened me on potential research methods which I otherwise would not have known. I would like to acknowledge the faculty, staff, and students of the Department of Geography and Anthropology for their encouragement and entertainment. I would also like to acknowledge my cohort of classmates and professors in the Department of Physics and Astronomy for challenging me intellectually and rekindling my academic spirit. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for their advice and support in my academic endeavors and their love and friendship in my life as a whole. Special thanks go to my parents, Rosalind and Dean Sutherland, for providing a space that can still be called home long after I had a residence of my own and for their numerous contributions of good food and feasts. Special thanks also go to my wife, Kristina Sutherland, for encouraging my academic ambitions and for magically making food appear while I was writing this thesis. I would also like to thank everyone with whom I have shared a drink, a meal, or a feast. Cheers, and here’s to the next one. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TERMS .......................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Context ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 A Framework for Feasting ........................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Definitions..................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Forms ............................................................................................................ 6 1.2.3 Functions ....................................................................................................... 6 1.2.4 Contexts ........................................................................................................ 7 1.2.5 Alcohol .......................................................................................................... 8 1.2.6 Gender ......................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Organization of Thesis ............................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 2. GEOGRAPHIC SETTING AND REGIONAL CHRONOLOGY ....................... 15 2.1 Geographic Setting..................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Regional Chronology ................................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 Initial Period................................................................................................ 17 2.2.2 Early Horizon .............................................................................................. 19 2.2.3 Early Intermediate Period ........................................................................... 21 2.2.4 Middle Horizon ........................................................................................... 25 2.2.5 Late Intermediate Period ............................................................................. 30 2.2.6 Late Horizon ............................................................................................... 33 2.3 Nepeña Valley Chronology........................................................................................ 35 CHAPTER 3. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE NEPEÑA VALLEY .................... 37 3.1 River Valley Surveys and Settlement Excavations .................................................... 37 3.2 Nepeña Valley ............................................................................................................ 38 3.3 Caylán ........................................................................................................................ 39 3.3.1 Site Description ........................................................................................... 40 3.3.2 Site Extent ................................................................................................... 42 3.3.3 Excavation Units and Test Pits ................................................................... 44 3.3.4 Floral and Faunal Remains ......................................................................... 45 3.3.5 Additional Research .................................................................................... 46 3.4 Huambacho ................................................................................................................ 48 3.4.1 Site Description ........................................................................................... 48 3.4.2 Site Extent ................................................................................................... 49 3.4.3 Excavation Units and Test Pits ................................................................... 50 3.4.4 Floral and Faunal Remains ......................................................................... 51 3.4.5 Additional Research .................................................................................... 52 iv 3.5 Samanco ..................................................................................................................... 53 3.5.1 Site Description ........................................................................................... 54 3.5.2 Site Extent ................................................................................................... 55 3.5.3 Excavation Units and Test Pits ................................................................... 56 3.5.4 Floral and Faunal Remains ......................................................................... 57 3.5.5 Additional Research .................................................................................... 58