Contents “Manifest Destiny” ........................................................................................................ 4 Outpost in Apacheria .................................................................................................. 10 The Apache as W arrior ................................................................................................ 12 Dragoons: Garrisoning the Gadsden Purchase ...................................................... 18 Outposts: Tactics in the Apache Campaigns ........................................................... 20 Outposts: Col. Bonneville and the ............................................................................ 33 1857 Battle of the Gila River ....................................................................................... 33 Outposts: The U.S. Army in the Pimeria Alta ........................................................... 36 Voices: Bald y Ewell at For t Buchanan...................................................................... 43 Outposts: The Navaho Campaigns of 1858-60 ......................................................... 44 Roll Call: Sarah Bowman—The Great W estern ........................................................ 49 Outposts: The Anglo Settlers .................................................................................... 51 The Rancher ................................................................................................................. 51 The Miner ..................................................................................................................... 51 Roll Call: The Humor of Captain John G. Bourke .................................................... 52 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: ...................................................... 57 Popular Vie ws of the Soldier ...................................................................................... 57 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: ...................................................... 59 Officer s’ Opinions of Enlisted Men ............................................................................ 59 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Training ....................................... 59 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: ...................................................... 61 Living Conditions in the 1850s .................................................................................. 61 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: For t Yuma ................................... 63 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Food ........................................... 64 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: W ater ........................................... 70 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Pay .............................................. 73 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Recreation .................................. 75 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Alcohol ....................................... 79 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Se x.............................................. 83 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Officer s....................................... 84 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: ...................................................... 86 Officer s’ Pr ospects ...................................................................................................... 86 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: The NCO ..................................... 88 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Discipline and Punishment ...... 90 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: ...................................................... 93 Militar y J ustice ............................................................................................................ 93 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Enlistment .................................. 94 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: ...................................................... 97 The Recruit .................................................................................................................. 97 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Reenlistment .............................. 99 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Combat ....................................... 99 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Hor ses ...................................... 101 Timeline ...................................................................................................................... 102 Outposts: Lieutenant Bascom and Chief Cochise ................................................ 102 Unif orms: The Dragoon Era ..................................................................................... 111 W eapons: The Dragoon Era ..................................................................................... 115 Equipment: The Dragoon Era .................................................................................. 118 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 119 The Civil W ar P eriod in the Southwest .................................................................... 123 Roll Call: Este van Ochoa—Mexican Pioneer ......................................................... 124 Militar y Intellig ence in the American Southwest: ................................................... 124 Graydon’s Spy Company in the Civil W ar................................................................ 124 The California Column .............................................................................................. 127 The Battle at Pic hacho Pass ..................................................................................... 128 Roll Call: General Jimmy—James H. Carleton ...................................................... 129 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: .................................................... 135 Company Mascots ..................................................................................................... 135 The Battle at Apache Pass ........................................................................................ 136 Unif orms: The Civil W ar............................................................................................ 143 W eapons: The Civil W ar ........................................................................................... 146 Equipment: The Civil W ar ......................................................................................... 147 Timeline ...................................................................................................................... 149 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 152 Apache Campaigns: The Arizona Theater of Operations ...................................... 154 Apache Campaigns: The Indian .............................................................................. 166 Fighting Army after the Civil W ar ............................................................................. 166 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Family Lif e................................ 167 Roll Call: Elliot Coues Ser ving Science in the Southwest .................................... 172 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Health ....................................... 176 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Religion .................................... 177 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: .................................................... 177 What Did They Read? ................................................................................................ 177 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Education ................................. 179 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Bands ....................................... 179 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Music ........................................ 180 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: .................................................... 182 Living Conditions in Arizona in the 1870s .............................................................. 182 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Deser tion ................................. 184 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Complaints ............................... 185 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apac he Campaigns: Routine According to Bourke 185 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: .................................................... 188 Garrison W ork ............................................................................................................ 188 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Guard Duty ............................... 189 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Critter s ..................................... 189 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Travel ........................................ 190 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: The Frontier Army Wife ........... 190 U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: The Enlisted Wife ..................... 196 4 HUACHUCA ILLUSTRATED U.S. Army Lif estyles in the Apache Campaigns: Shor t Timer .............................. 198 Voices: Ser geant Yohn Garrisons Camp W allen ...................................................