DANISH USES OF COPERNICUS 50 USER STORIES BASED ON EARTH OBSERVATION This joint publication is created in a collaboration between the Danish Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency – under the Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate – and the Municipality of Copenhagen. The Danish National Copernicus Committee, which is a sub-committee under the Interministerial Space Committee, has contributed to the coordination of the publication. This publication is supported by the European Union’s Caroline Herschel Framework Partnership Agreement on Copernicus User Uptake under grant agreement No FPA 275/G/ GRO/COPE/17/10042, project FPCUP (Framework Partnership Agreement on Copernicus User Uptake), Action 2018-1-83: Developing best practice catalogue for use of Copernicus in the public sector in Denmark. Editorial Board Martin Nissen (ed.), - Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency Georg Bergeton Larsen - Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency Olav Eggers - Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency Anne Birgitte Klitgaard - National Space Office, Ministry of Higher Education and Science Leif Toudal Pedersen - DTU Space and EOLab.dk Acknowledgment: Emil Møller Rasmussen and Niels Henrik Broge. The European Commission, European Space Agency, EUMETSAT and NEREUS for user story structure and satellite imagery. Layout: Mads Christian Porse - Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Proofreading: Lotte Østergaard Printed by: Rosendahls A/S Cover: Mapping of submerged aquatic vegetation in Denmark. The map is produced by DHI GRAS under the Velux Foundation funded project ”Mapping aquatic vegetation in Denmark from space” using machine learning and Sentinel-2 data from the Copernicus program. © DHI GRAS A/S. ISBN printed issue 978-87-94056-03-8 ISBN electronic issue (PDF) 978-87-94056-04-5 The Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea bordered by eight EU Member States (Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden) and Russia. Every summer, colourful blooms of phytoplankton can be observed in the shallow water of the Baltic Sea They have intensified as a result of increased nutrient runoff from land around the sea (mainly because of agricultural fertilisers and sewage). Algal Harmful Blooms are also one of the issues that affect the Baltic Sea. Biodiversity loss, climate change, eutrophication, overfishing, plastic waste, are other examples of environmental problems that impact the health of the Baltic. This image, acquired by one of the Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellites on 27. July 2019 shows a very large algal bloom in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. Thanks to its ability to monitor ocean colour, the Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellites allow us to better understand marine life, survey biological constituents and their activity. Credit: Copernicus Sentinel-3 imagery. Content Introduction Welcome to a world of satellite uses ..................................................................................................4 The following have contributed .........................................................................................................5 The Usage Maturity Levels ..............................................................................................................8 Danish Uses National Monitoring of Ground Motion and Infrastructure using Sentinel-1 ........................................... 12 Effective Screening for Risk of Settlement in Construction Work ......................................................... 14 Using Sentinel-1 to Locate Subsidence and for Climate Mitigation in Odense Municipality ..................... 16 Satellite-based Surveillance of Natural Gas Storage in Lille Torup ........................................................ 18 Satellite-based Surveillance of Sewer Systems.................................................................................. 20 Satellite-based Detection of Changes of Buildings ............................................................................. 22 Optical Satellite Imagery as Tools for Decision Support ..................................................................... 24 Enabling EO Methods for Environmental Monitoring in Urban Landscapes ........................................... 26 Nationwide Sentinel-2 Mosaic in Support of Airborne Data Collection and Planning .............................. 28 Validation of Tree Detection with Sentinel ........................................................................................ 30 Enabling EO for Climate Mitigation and Adaptation in Urban Areas ...................................................... 34 Municipal Applications of NDVI Analysis .......................................................................................... 36 A Satellite View on Urban Dynamics ................................................................................................ 38 Agricultural Control Using Sentinel ................................................................................................. 40 Classification of Invasive Plant Species ........................................................................................... 42 Using EO to Develop Intelligent Agricultural Technology Solutions ...................................................... 44 Satellite-based Mapping of Water in Fields ....................................................................................... 46 Flood Mapping with Satellite Data ................................................................................................... 48 Mapping of Wet Areas in Denmark using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 ..................................................... 50 Monitoring and Mapping Flooding Events from Space ....................................................................... 52 Utilizing Sentinel-2 data for the Evaluation of Coastal Development .................................................... 54 Satellite-based Monitoring of Coastal Dynamics ............................................................................... 56 Measuring Water Depths in Shallow Water Areas using Satellite Imagery ............................................. 58 Mapping Submerged Aquatic Vegetation from Space ........................................................................ 60 Copernicus Maritime Surveillance Helps Denmark Battle Illegal Activities ............................................ 62 Wind Farm Construction on Land .................................................................................................... 64 Offshore Wind Farm Planning from Space ........................................................................................ 66 2 Greenland Uses Landslide Screening in Greenland ................................................................................................... 70 Satellite Data for Mapping Remote Regions of the Arctic .................................................................... 72 Detection of Drastic Changes in Nature ........................................................................................... 74 Mapping Greenland’s Ice Marginal lakes .......................................................................................... 78 How Fast Does the Greenland Ice Sheet flow? .................................................................................. 80 Present-day Greenland Ice Sheet Volume Change ............................................................................. 82 Ice Reports to Ships Operating Near Shore ..................................................................................... 84 Mapping Coastal Areas is Important for Safe Navigation in the Arctic................................................... 86 Routine Mapping of Sea Ice to Shipping around Greenland ................................................................ 88 Sea Ice Charting from Multisensor Data Fusion ................................................................................ 90 Satellite Images for Tactical Navigation in Ice-Covered Waters ............................................................ 92 Iceberg Detection in Greenland Waters .......................................................................................... 94 Evolving Production of North Atlantic Iceberg Limit Based on Satellites ............................................... 98 The Danish Joint Arctic Command uses Copernicus daily ................................................................. 100 International Uses Suporting Financial Inclusion ....................................................................................................... 106 Satellite-based Warning System for Vector-borne Diseases .............................................................. 108 Large-Scale Wetland Mapping and Monitoring ............................................................................... 110 Irrigation Management ................................................................................................................ 112 Mapping of Grass Fallow Systems from Sentinel-2 Data ................................................................... 114 Mapping of Individual Trees in Savannas from Copernicus Data ........................................................ 116 Earth Observation for Sustainable Development ............................................................................. 118 Satellite Derived Ocean Current Information for Ship Route Optimization ........................................... 122 MOIST - Managing and Optimizing