Problem Solving in Acute Oncology Second Edition

Problem Solving in Acute Oncology Second Edition Problem Solving in Acute Oncology Second Edition Edited by Alison Young, MBChB, MD, FRCP Consultant in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Ruth E. Board, BSc, MBChB, PhD, FRCP Consultant in Medical Oncology, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston Pauline Leonard, MBBS (Hons), MD, FRCP Consultant in Medical Oncology, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London Tim Cooksley, MBChB (Hons), FRCPE Consultant in Acute Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Andrew Stewart, BA, MBChB, MD, FRCPE, FRCPath Consultant in Haematology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol; Weston General Hospital, Weston Area Health NHS Trust, Weston-super-Mare Caroline Michie, MBChB, MRCP (UK), FRCPE Consultant in Medical Oncology, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Published in association with the Association of Cancer Physicians E B N H E A L T H O X F O R D , U K EBN Health An imprint of Evidence-based Networks Ltd Witney Business & Innovation Centre Windrush House, Burford Road Witney, Oxfordshire OX29 7DX, UK Tel: +44 1865 522326 Email: [email protected] <a href="/goto?url=http://www.ebnhealth.com" target="_blank">Web: www.ebnhealth.com </a>Distributed worldwide by: Marston Book Services Ltd 160 Eastern Avenue Milton Park Abingdon Oxon OX14 4SB, UK Tel: +44 1235 465500 Fax: +44 1235 465555 Email: [email protected] © Evidence-based Networks Ltd 2020 Second edition published 2020 First edition published 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing from EBN Health or Evidence-based Networks Ltd. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to the attention in writing of EBN Health or Evidence-based Networks Ltd. EBN Health and Evidence-based Networks Ltd bear no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and do not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">ISBN 13 </li><li style="flex:1">978 0 99559 543 9 </li></ul>The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, that the dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publisher do not accept any liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Series design by Pete Russell Typographic Design, Faringdon, Oxon, UK Typeset by Thomson Digital, Noida, India Printed by Latimer Trend and Company Ltd, Plymouth, UK Contents Contributors Preface Acknowledgements viii xiv xv Abbreviations xvii SECTION ONE Perspectives 01 Acute Oncology Services: Past, Present and Future, Ruth E. Board 1702 Nursing Developments in Acute Oncology, Jo Wilkinson, Christine Rhall 03 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary, Pauline Leonard, Christine Rhall 11 04 The Oncology Patient in the Acute Medical Unit, Will Marshall, 18 Tim Cooksley 05 Which Cancer Patients Should Be Admitted to Critical Care? 22 28 31 Phil Haji-Michael 06 Acute Oncology Services in the Devolved Nations, Rosie Roberts, Cathy Hutchison, Moyra Mills 07 Cancer Emergencies in the Community, Sinead Clarke, Joanne Stonehouse, Joanne Wilkinson, Susan Jones SECTION TWO Case Studies Complications of Systemic Therapy 01 Febrile Neutropenia, Rohan Shotton, Amy Ford 02 Tumour Lysis Syndrome, Christopher Parrish, Gordon Cook 03 Antiangiogenic Therapy, Louise McKee, Gordon Urquhart 04 Cardiac Toxicity, Pankaj Punia, Chris Plummer 05 Liver Problems, Gemma Dart, Dan Swinson, Rebecca Jones 06 Acute Kidney Injury, Lucy Wyld, Christy Ralph, Andrew Lewington 37 47 52 59 64 72 78 07 Anticancer Treatment and the Kidney, Lucy Wyld, Christy Ralph, Andrew Lewington 08 Metabolic Complications, Mahabuba Hossain, Carmel Pezaro, 84 89 Jennifer Walsh, Emma Rathbone, Janet Brown 09 Diabetes, Jenny Seligmann, Dan Swinson, Stephen Gilbey vi Contents 10 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Cancer Therapy, 96 Mehran Afshar, Laura Camburn 11 Acute Diarrhoea and Mucositis, Jordan Appleyard, Daniel Lee, 101 D. Alan Anthoney 12 Peripheral Neurotoxicity, Greg Heath, Susan Short, Helen Ford 108 113 117 13 Central Neurotoxicity, Greg Heath, Susan Short, Helen Ford 14 Chemotherapy-Induced Lung Toxicity, Lisa Owen, Satiavani Ramasamy, Dan Stark, Martyn Kennedy 15 Metastatic Melanoma with Rash and Diarrhoea after Treatment 123 128 with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Nadina Tinsley, Ruth E. Board 16 Side Effects of Complex Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer with Chemotherapy and an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Ajay Sudan, Alastair Greystoke 17 Rare Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune 133 141 Checkpoint Inhibitors, Anna Claire Olsson-Brown 18 Complications of CAR T Cell Therapy, Adam Bond, Rachel Protheroe Complications of Radiotherapy 19 Radiation Pneumonitis, Saif Yousif, P. Hadjiyiannakis 20 Radiation-Induced Head and Neck Mucositis, Arafat Mirza 148 153 160 21 Management of Radiotherapy-Related Acute Skin Reactions, Deborah Williamson, Rachel Rigby 22 Toxicity Related to Pelvic Radiotherapy, Rohan Iype, Alison Birtle 169 172 23 CNS Toxicity of Radiotherapy, Simon Gray, Chin Chin Lim, Catherine Mitchell Complications of Cancer 24 Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression, Richard Heywood, 177 Vinton Cheng, Naveen Vasudev 25 Superior Vena Cava Obstruction, Rachel Bird, Jane Hook 26 Brain Metastases, Allison Hall, Pooja Jain, Andrew Brodbelt 27 Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Greg Heath, Susan Short, Helen Ford 183 187 194 199 28 Venous Thromboembolism, Nick Wreglesworth, Anna Mullard, Helen Innes 29 Malignant Renal Obstruction, Andrew Viggars, Sunjay Jain, 205 Naveen Vasudev Contents vii 30 Management of Malignant Ascites, Benjamin Pickwell-Smith, 211 Alison Young 31 New Pleural Effusion, Keith Howell, Pooja Jain 217 225 32 Metabolic Complications of Malignancy: Hypercalcaemia, Eliyaz Ahmed, Richard Griffiths, Sid McNulty 33 Metabolic Complications of Malignancy: Hyponatraemia, 229 Richard Griffiths, Sid McNulty 34 Bowel Obstruction, Gemma Dart, Alison Young 233 239 35 Malignant Pericardial Effusion, Madhuchanda Chatterjee, Judith Carser, Nick Palmer, Chris Campbell, Simon Williams 36 Hyperviscosity Syndrome, Hyperleucocytosis and Leucostasis, 245 Nikesh Chavda, Andrew Stewart Acute Palliative Care and Pain Control 37 Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer and Chest Wall Pain, 250 255 Tammy Oxley, Karen Neoh, Michael Bennett 38 Neuropathic Cancer Pain, Adam Hurlow, Michael Bennett <ul style="display: flex;"><li style="flex:1">Index </li><li style="flex:1">260 </li></ul>Contributors Dr Mehran Afshar, Consultant in Medical Oncology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London Dr Eliyaz Ahmed, Specialist Registrar in Clinical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral Dr D. Alan Anthoney, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Mr Jordan Appleyard, Medical Student, Barts and e London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Professor Michael Bennett, St Gemma’s Professor of Palliative Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Dr Rachel Bird, Staff Grade in Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Alison Birtle, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston; Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Manchester, Manchester Dr Ruth E. Board, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston Dr Adam Bond, Registrar in Haematology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Mr Andrew Brodbelt, Consultant in Neurosurgery, e Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Professor Janet Brown, Honorary Consultant in Medical Oncology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield; Professor of Translational Medical Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Dr Laura Camburn, Specialist Registrar in Medical Oncology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London Dr Chris Campbell, Foundation Year 2 Doctor, e Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Dr Judith Carser, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral Dr Madhuchanda Chatterjee, Specialist Registrar in Clinical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral Contributors ix Dr Nikesh Chavda, Lymphoma Clinical Fellow, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Dr Vinton Cheng, Specialty Registrar in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Sinead Clarke, GP Adviser, Treatment and Recovery, Macmillan Cancer Support, London Professor Gordon Cook, Professor of Haematology and Myeloma Studies, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Tim Cooksley, Consultant in Acute Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; e Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Dr Gemma Dart, Registrar in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Amy Ford, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster Dr Helen Ford, Consultant in Neurology, Leeds Centre for Neurosciences, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Stephen Gilbey, Consultant in Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Simon Gray, Academic Foundation Doctor, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston Dr Alastair Greystoke, Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Medical Oncology, Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne Dr Richard Griffiths, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral Dr P. Hadjiyiannakis, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston Dr Phil Haji-Michael, Consultant in Anaesthesia and Critical Care, e Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Dr Allison Hall, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral Dr Greg Heath, Consultant in Medical Ophthalmology, York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York Dr Richard Heywood, Core Medical Trainee, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Jane Hook, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Mahabuba Hossain, Researcher in Clinical Oncology, Barisal Biotechnology UK Ltd, Bangladesh xContributors Dr Keith Howell, Staff Grade in Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Adam Hurlow, Consultant in Palliative Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Cathy Hutchison, Cancer Consultant Nurse, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow Dr Helen Innes, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral Dr Rohan Iype, Registrar in Clinical Oncology, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston Dr Pooja Jain, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Mr Sunjay Jain, Consultant in Urology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Rebecca Jones, Consultant Hepatologist, Liver Unit, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Ms Susan Jones, Macmillan Cancer Support Acute Oncology Clinical Nurse Specialist, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Dr Martyn Kennedy, Consultant in Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Centre for Respiratory Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Daniel Lee, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Pauline Leonard, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London Dr Andrew Lewington, Consultant in Renal Medicine and Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Chin Chin Lim, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston Louise McKee, Specialist Pharmacist in Oncology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Dr Sid McNulty, Consultant in Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St Helens Dr Will Marshall, Clinical Fellow, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Dr Caroline Michie, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh; Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Dr Moyra Mills, Macmillan Cancer Support Improvement Manager, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland Contributors xi Dr Arafat Mirza, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston Dr Catherine Mitchell, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston Dr Anna Mullard, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Betsi-Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor Dr Karen Neoh, Locum Consultant in Palliative Medicine, St Gemma’s Hospice, Leeds Dr Anna Claire Olsson-Brown, Fellow in Clinical Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Registrar in Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral Dr Lisa Owen, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Tammy Oxley, Specialist Registrar in Palliative Medicine, St Gemma’s Hospice, Leeds Dr Nick Palmer, Consultant in Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Dr Christopher Parrish, Consultant in Haematology, St James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Carmel Pezaro, Locum Consultant in Oncology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield; Yorkshire Cancer Research Senior Research Fellow, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Dr Benjamin Pickwell-Smith, Registrar in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Chris Plummer, Consultant in Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne Dr Rachel Protheroe, Consultant in Haematology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Dr Pankaj Punia, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Dr Christy Ralph, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Satiavani Ramasamy, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Emma Rathbone, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield Ms Christine Rhall, Macmillan Acute Oncology Lead Nurse, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Merseyside Ms Rachel Rigby, Advanced Clinical Practitioner, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston xii Contributors Ms Rosie Roberts, Chemotherapy Specialist Nurse and Acute Oncology Project Manager, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff Dr Jenny Seligmann, Clinical Lecturer in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Professor Susan Short, Consultant in Clinical Oncology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds; Professor of Clinical Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, University of Leeds, Leeds Dr Rohan Shotton, Specialty Registrar in Medical Oncology, e Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Dr Dan Stark, Consultant in Medical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Dr Andrew Stewart, Consultant in Haematology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol; Weston General Hospital, Weston Area Health NHS Trust, Weston-super-Mare

Problem Solving in Acute Oncology Second Edition

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