PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE OF MOTHER TONGUE OVER THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONSONANT SOUNDS PRONUNCIATION: A CASE OF PERUVIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH Veronika Babkina Piura, marzo de 2018 FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN Maestría en Educación con Mención en Enseñanza de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera Babkina, V. (2018). Phonological interference of mother tongue over the English language consonant sounds pronunciation: a case of Peruvian learners of English (Tesis de maestría en Educación con Mención en Enseñanza de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera). Universidad de Piura. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Piura, Perú. PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE OF MOTHER TONGUE OVER THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONSONANT SOUNDS PRONUNCIATION: A CASE OF PERUVIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional Repositorio institucional PIRHUA – Universidad de Piura UNIVERSIDAD DE PIURA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN MAESTRÍA EN EDUCACIÓN Phonological Interference of Mother Tongue over the English Language Consonant Sounds Pronunciation: a Case of Peruvian Learners of English Tesis para optar el Grado de Magíster en Educación con mención en Enseñanza de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera Veronika Babkina Asesora: Dr. Majid Safadaran Mosazadeh Piura, marzo de 2018 APPROVAL The thesis titled “Phonological Interference of Mother Tongue over the English Language Consonant Sounds Pronunciation: a Case of Peruvian Learners of English”, presented by Veronika Babkina in accordance with the requirements of being awarded the Degree of Master in Education with Mention in Teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language, was approved by the thesis director: Dr. Majid Safadaran Mosazadeh, and defended on…………………………… before a Jury with the following members: __________________ President ____________________ ____________________ Secretary Informant ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me during this astonishing and challenging journey of preparing the master thesis. First of all, I would like to thank my tutor Dr. Majid Safadaran Mosazadeh for the useful comments, remarks and engagement through the learning process of this investigation project. Furthermore, my thanks go to my colleagues and friends for their valuable advice and encouraging all the way though the research. Also, my thanks are for the participants of my investigation, for their positive attitude and all the effort to do their best in the classroom. I would moreover like to thank my loved ones, who have supported me throughout the entire process. RESUMEN ANALÍTICO Título: Phonological interference of mother tongue over the English language consonant sounds pronunciation: a case of Peruvian learners of English. Autor: Veronika Babkina Asesor de tesis: Dr. Majid Safadaran Mosazadeh Tipo de tesis: Tesis de Maestría Título al que se opta: Magíster en educación Institución: Universidad de Piura. Facultad de Ciencias de la educación Palabras claves: Pronunciation, phonological interference mother tongue, consonant sounds Descripción: The thesis to obtain the Master´s degree in Education is dedicated to the problem of the negative interference of mother tongue over the pronunciation of some English language consonant sounds among Peruvian EFL learners. Contenido: The present investigation is divided into two main parts. The first part, the research, is dedicated to selecting and analysing the cases of phonological interference of the Peruvian learners´ mother tongue over their English language consonant sounds pronunciation. The second part, the intervention, is dedicated to the application of specific pronunciation practice and instructions and the improvement in pronunciation of the targeted English language consonant sounds among Peruvian EFL learners of the sample group. Metodología: The present investigation adheres to quantitative investigation of quasi-experimental type (with control and experimental (sample) groups). Conclusions: The results of the intervention demonstrated that phonological interference of the mother tongue can be successfully dealt with by means of applying appropriate practice in the language classroom. Fuentes: Dictionaries, books, articles from journals and magazines, articles from websites. INDEX INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. INVESTIGATION OUTLINE 1.1. Formulation of the problem ............................................................... 5 1.2. Hypothesis ......................................................................................... 6 1.3. Delimitation of the objectives ........................................................... 7 1.3.1. General objective ..................................................................... 7 1.3.2. Specific objectives ................................................................... 7 1.4. Justification of the study .................................................................... 7 1.5. Limitations of the study ..................................................................... 8 1.6. Antecedents of the investigation ....................................................... 9 CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1. The place and the role of pronunciation within TEFL .................... 17 2.2. Phonological interference of mother tongue ................................... 19 2.3. Phonetics and phonology ................................................................ 29 2.3.1. Description and classification of the English and Spanish consonant sounds. ............................................................................ 32 2.4. Teaching English pronunciation ...................................................... 39 2.4.1. Communicative framework by M. Celce-Murcia; D. M. Brinton and J. M. Goodwin ................................................. 45 CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY OF THE INVESTIGATION 3.1. Investigation type ............................................................................ 47 3.2. Design of the investigation ............................................................. 48 3.2.1. Investigation questions .......................................................... 48 3.3. Variables ......................................................................................... 50 3.4. Population and study samples ......................................................... 50 3.4.1. Universe ................................................................................. 50 3.4.2. Population .............................................................................. 51 3.4.3. Samples ................................................................................. 51 3.4.4. Individuals ............................................................................. 51 3.5. Techniques and instruments for gathering data ............................... 52 3.5.1. Video recording ..................................................................... 52 3.5.2. Questionnaire ......................................................................... 52 3.5.3. Oral testing ........................................................................... 52 3.5.4. English language consonant sounds pronunciation evaluation rubric ............................................................................. 53 3.6. Procedure of the investigation ......................................................... 54 3.6.1. Part 1. The research. Selecting and analysing the cases of phonological interference ............................................................ 54 3.6.2. Part 2. The intervention. The use of pronunciation practice and instruction ................................................................................. 69 CHAPTER IV. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS 4.1. The intervention results ................................................................... 89 4.1.1. Pre-testing results .................................................................. 89 4.1.2. Post-testing results ................................................................. 95 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 105 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................... 109 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ............................................ 111 LIST OF GRAPHS 3.6. Procedure of the investigation ......................................................... 54 Graph 1. The extent to which each case of phonological interference impedes meaningful communication ......................... 67 4.1. The intervention results .................................................................. .89 Graph 2. Sample group pre-testing results ...................................... 90 Graph 3. Average score of each problem case in Sample group ..... 91 Graph 4. Control group pre-testing results ...................................... 92 Graph 5. Average score of each problem case in Control group ..... 93 Graph 6. Sample group pre-testing and post-testing results ............ 96 Graph 7. Comparison of pre-testing and post-testing average score results of each problem case in Sample group ....................... 97 Graph 8. Control group pre-testing and post-testing results ........... 99 Graph 9. Comparison of pre-testing and post-testing average score results of each problem case in Control group ..................... 101 Graph 10. Comparison of the average scores obtained in Sample group and Control group................................................... 103 LIST OF TABLES 2.3. Phonetics