CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE OF HUMOR IN MICHAEL MCINTYRE INTERVIEW ON JONATHAN ROSS SHOW A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One Tamara Seprilia Ningtyas 11140260000061 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 ABSTRACT Tamara Seprilianingtyas, Conversational Implicature of Humor in Michael Mcintyre Interview on Jonathan Ross Show. Thesis: English Letters Department, Letters and Humanity Faculty. State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2018 This study analyzes the conversational implicatures that is generated by the maxim which appears on the conversation between Michael Mcintyre and Jonathan Ross in Jonathan Ross Show. The objective of the research is to know the process of flouting maxim in creating humor that appears through the conversation. This study uses Grice’s Conversatinal Implicature theory to analyze the implicature and the maxims. Moreover, it also uses Raskin’s theory of humor to identify the humor that has been applied in the utterances. The result indicates that both particularized conversational implicature and generalized conversational implicature are found in the conversation. The generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature generated by flouting maxims based on the meaning that Michael implied in his utterance. He has been flouted the four maxims which are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner. He chiefly flouted maxim of quantity. Furthermore, the most Michael’s utterances indicate the incongruity theory and spontaneous conversational humor which have dominant role in creating humor. The spontaneous conversational humor is distinguished from certain basis of the intentions or use of humors such as satire, overstatement and understatement, self- deprecation, teasing, and clever or nonsensical replies to serious statements. Moreover, the writer finds that Michael as a guest star who is also a comedian always gives answer or statement that makes Jonathan and the audience laugh by flouting the maxim intentionally. Thus, most of conversatioanal implicatures are aimed to entertain and create laughter to the audience. Keywords: Conversational Implicature, Flouting Maxim, Humor. i ii iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no same material previously published or written by another person which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institutes of higher education, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Jakarta, November 22nd 2018 Tamara Seprilia Ningtyas iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful. All praises be to Allah SWT, the Lord of the Universe who has given an incredible strength, patience, spirit and every single outstanding idea to the writer in the process of writing this thesis. Peace and salutation are given to the great prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, companions and adherents who had changed the world into the better place to live. Afterwards, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents, my mother who always motivated me and reminded me especially about finishing this thesis, moreover, my father who always supported everything that I need, and also my two brothers who are being my superior strength. Furthermore, I also would like to give thanks and deepest gratitude to: 1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.A., the Dean of Letters and Humanities Faculty. 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, the Head of English Letters Department and all at once as the advisor of my thesis, for all his kindness, valuable suggestions and pleasurable guidance. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum, the Secretary of English Letters Department. 4. All the lectures in English Letters Department who sincerely taught a precious knowledge during my study. 5. All of the librarians and staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty. v 6. All my friends in B and Linguistics Class, especially, Anisa Zakia, Alysa Robiyanti, Nurlaelah, Wina Eka Nurhanifah, Andi Arwina Utami, Siti Chaerunisa, Fena Basafiana and Sarah Chairunisa. 7. All my lecturers, teachers, and friends in Kahfi BBC Motivator School. All the strengths, spirits and knowledges are truly helpful to present this research. 8. All members of KKN 148 Al-Husna UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 9. Mareta Dalena Gumanti, my best and dearest friend. 10. Others beloved friends, relatives and students which are not mentioned one by one. May Allah SWT always blesses and protects us. Aamiin. Lastly, the writer realizes that this research is still far from perfect, so for better study, the writer is pleased to receive critics and suggestions. Hopefully, this thesis will be an advantageous for the writer particularly and for the readers generally. Jakarta, November 22nd, 2018 Tamara Seprilia Ningtyas vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………….. i APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………………...… ii LEGALIZATION ……………………………………………………………… iii DECLARATION ………………………………………………………………..iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .…………………………………………..……….... vii THE LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………….…..….. ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………..1 A. Background of the study …………………….………………………..……. 1 B. Focus of the Research …………………………………………….……….. 4 C. Research Questions ………………….…………………………….……….. 4 D. Significances of the Research ……………………………………….…..…. 5 E. Research Methodology …………………..………………………….…..…. 5 1. The Objectives of Research ………………………..………....…….…..…. 5 2. The Method of Research ………………………..………………….…..…. 6 3. The Instrument of the Research ………………………………………..…. 6 4. The Unit of Analysis ………………………………………….………..…. 6 5. Technique Collecting Data and Data Analysis ……………………………. 7 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………..8 A. Previous Research ………………………………………………………….. 8 B. Theory …………………………………………………………………….. 10 1. Conversational Implicature ……………………………………………….10 1.1.Definition of Implicature …………………...………………………... 10 1.2.Implicature in Conversation ………………………………………..... 10 1.3.A Guide of Implicature ………………………………………...…….. 12 1.3.1.Conversational Implicature ……………………………………..12 1.3.1.1.Generalized Conversational Implicature ……………...… 13 vii 1.3.1.2.Particularized Conversational Implicature ………...……. 13 1.3.2.Conventional Implicature …………………………………...…. 14 2. Cooperative Principle ……………………………………………...…….. 15 3. Flouting the Maxims ……………………………………………………. 18 2.1 Flouting Maxim of Quantity …………………………………………. 19 2.2 Flouting Maxim of Quality ………………………………………...… 20 2.3 Flouting Maxim of Relation ………………………………………..... 20 2.4 Flouting Maxim of Manner ………………………………………….. 21 4. Humor …………………………………………………………..……….. 21 4.1 The Definition of Humor …………………………………………….. 21 4.2 Theory of Humor …………………………………………………….. 22 4.1.1 Incongruity Theory …………………………………………….. 23 4.1.2 Superiority Theory ………………………………………...……24 4.1.3 Release Theory ………...………………………………………. 24 4.3 Types of Humor ……………………………………………………… 25 4.3.1 Canned Jokes ………………………………………………...… 26 4.3.2 Spontaneous Conversational Humor ……………………….….. 28 4.3.3 Accidental or Unintentional Humor ………………………….... 31 5. Humor and Flouting the Maxims ………………………………………... 32 CHAPTER III RESULT AND DISCUSSION ………………………………. 36 A. Data Description ……………………………………………………...……36 B. Data Analysis ………………………………………………………...…… 40 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGESTIONS ……………………... 64 A. Conclusions ……………………………………………………………….. 64 B. Suggestions ……………………………………………………………….. 65 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………….. 66 APPENDIX …………………......……………………………………………… 68 viii THE LIST OF TABLES Table 1. The Three Families of Theories ……………………………….………. 23 Table 2. The Data Description ………………………………………………….. 36 ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Humor is ubiquitous in human social life (Dynel 50). Almost every people likes humor, jokes and funny stories. Humor and laughter are a universal aspect of human experience, occurring in all cultures and virtually all individuals throughout the world. According to Ross, humor is something that makes a person laugh or smile (1). The involuntary funny, odd and quaint object of laughter later became known as the humourist, and the man of humour took pleasure in exposing and imitating the peculiarities of the humourist. During this period humor and wit became seen as talents relating to the ability to make others laugh (Raskin and Ruch 43). Regularly, all of people react with humor, jokes and laughter in dissimilar circumstances. Humor can and frequently does occur in virtually any social situation. It can take place in the conversation of a group of close friends, or in the interactions of a group of business people. It can be used by public speakers, such as politicians or religious leaders, addressing large audiences either in person or via the media (Martin 5). Many different forms of humor communicated by different means and for different purposes. Some of this humor comes to us via the mass media. Radio hosts frequently crack jokes and make witty comments; television provides people with a constant diet of humor in the form of sitcoms, blooper shows, stand-up comedy, political satire, and humorous advertisements; and it is 1 2 also in newspaper comic strips and cartoons, comedy movies, and humorous books (10). Humor is also often used in speeches, sermons, and lectures by politicians,