ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL PROGRAMMATIC ASSESSMENT OF THE SHEA/BAKER RANCH PLANNED COMMUNITY PROJECT, CITY OF LAKE FOREST, ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: The Planning Center|DC&E 3 MacArthur Place, Suite 1100 Santa Ana, CA 92707 Authors: Sherri Gust and Amy Glover Principal Investigator: Sherri Gust, Orange County Certified Professional Paleontologist and Archaeologist October 2011 Cogstone Project Number: 2186 Type of Study: Cultural resources programmatic assessment Fossil Localities: 73 Archaeological Sites: P-30-000040, P-30-000510, P-30-000758, P-30-001004 USGS Quadrangle: El Toro 7.5’ 1968, photorevised 1982 Area: 386.7-acres Key Words: Monterey Formation, Oso Member of Capistrano Formation, Quaternary very old alluvium, Quaternary young alluvial fan, fossils, Gabrielino, Juaneño, prehistoric sites 1518 West Taft Avenue Branch Offices cogstone.com Orange, CA 92865 West Sacramento - Morro Bay - Inland Empire – San Diego Office (714) 974-8300 Toll free (888) 497-0700 Shea/Baker Ranch Cultural TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ IV INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 PURPOSE OF STUDY .................................................................................................................................................... 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................... 2 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 PALEONTOLOGICAL SETTING ...................................................................................................................................... 7 GEOLOGICAL SETTING ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Monterey Formation .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Capistrano Formation, Oso Sand Member ............................................................................................................ 8 Quaternary Very Old Alluvium .............................................................................................................................. 8 Quaternary Young Fan Deposits ........................................................................................................................... 8 PREHISTORIC SETTING .............................................................................................................................................. 10 Project Area Cultures .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Ethnography ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 HISTORIC SETTING ................................................................................................................................................... 17 Project Area History ............................................................................................................................................ 18 RECORD SEARCH .................................................................................................................................................. 23 PALEONTOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY ................................................................................................................................. 25 OTHER SOURCES ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION .......................................................................................................................... 34 DISCUSSION OF KNOWN RESOURCES ............................................................................................................ 35 PALEONTOLOGICAL LOCALITIES ............................................................................................................................... 35 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES .......................................................................................................................................... 35 P-30-000040 ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 P-30-000758 ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 P-30-001004 ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 P-30-001150 ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 37 EXISTING MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................................................................................... 37 AMENDMENTS SPECIFIC TO SHEA/BAKER RANCH PROJECT ...................................................................................... 38 APPENDIX A: QUALIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 43 APPENDIX B: NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION................................................................. 46 ii Shea/Baker Ranch Cultural LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. PROJECT VICINITY ......................................................................................................................................... 1 FIGURE 2. PROJECT AREA .............................................................................................................................................. 3 FIGURE 3. PROJECT AERIAL ........................................................................................................................................... 4 FIGURE 4. MIOCENE ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................................. 7 FIGURE 5. GEOLOGY OF PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................................................ 9 FIGURE 6. NATIVE AMERICAN TRADITIONAL TRIBAL TERRITORIES ............................................................................ 15 FIGURE 7. SERRANO ADOBE IN 1935 (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 2011) ................................................................... 18 FIGURE 8. HISTORICAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAP.................................................................................................................. 19 FIGURE 9. 1946 AERIAL MAP ........................................................................................................................................ 20 FIGURE 10. 1972 AERIAL MAP ...................................................................................................................................... 21 FIGURE 11. 1980 AERIAL MAP ...................................................................................................................................... 22 FIGURE 12. FOSSIL LOCALITIES WITHIN AND DIRECTLY ADJACENT TO PROJECT .......................................................... 24 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1. CULTURE CHANGE CHRONOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 12 TABLE 2. FOSSILS KNOWN WITHIN AND DIRECTLY ADJACENT TO PROJECT AREA ......................................................... 23 TABLE 3. RECORDED SITES WITHIN A ONE-MILE RADIUS ............................................................................................ 25 TABLE 4. PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES WITHIN A ONE-MILE RADIUS ............................................................ 28 TABLE 5. ADDITIONAL SOURCES CONSULTED .............................................................................................................. 33 TABLE 6. BLM LAND PATENTS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT AREA .................................................................................... 34 iii Shea/Baker Ranch Cultural MANAGEMENT SUMMARY The study was conducted to identify any possible paleontological, prehistoric or historic resources that could be present in the Shea/Baker Ranch Planned Community project area located in the City of Lake Forest, Orange County, California. The proposed project consists of the development