Exemplar for internal assessment resource History for Achievement Standard 91002 Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard History Level 1 This exemplar supports assessment against: Achievement Standard 91002 Demonstrate understanding of an historical event, or place, of significance to New Zealanders An annotated exemplar is an extract of student evidence, with a commentary, to explain key aspects of the standard. These will assist teachers to make assessment judgements at the grade boundaries. New Zealand Qualification Authority To support internal assessment from 2014 © NZQA 2014 Exemplar for internal assessment resource History for Achievement Standard 91002 Grade Boundary: Low Excellence For Excellence, the student needs to demonstrate comprehensive understanding of an 1. historical event, or place, of significance to New Zealanders. This involves including a depth and breadth of understanding using extensive supporting evidence, to show links between the event, the people concerned and its significance to New Zealanders. In this student’s evidence about the Maori Land Hikoi of 1975, some comprehensive understanding is demonstrated in comments, such as why the wider Maori community became involved (3) and how and when the prime minister took action against the tent embassy (6). Breadth of understanding is demonstrated in the wide range of matters that are considered (e.g. the social background to the march, the nature of the march, and the description of a good range of ways in which the march was significant to New Zealanders). Extensive supporting evidence is provided regarding the march details (4) and the use of specific numbers (5) (7) (8). To reach Excellence more securely, the student could ensure that: • the relevance of some evidence is better explained (1) (2), or omitted if it is not relevant • the story of the hikoi is covered in a more complete way. For example, the expansion of the land issues which brought about the hikoi would demonstrate more depth and breadth of understanding of the event overall (3). © NZQA 2014 Student 1: Low Excellence 1975 Land March The 1970s for New Zealand was a time when several major protests was carried out. The 1975 land march and the occupation of Bastion Point drew awareness to Maori land loss. The population was around 3 million and did not increase much as the contraceptive pill was [1] becoming more common and the younger generation were not as keen to start families early. The Land March was a significant protest movement for New Zealanders, especially for Maoris in the 1970s. Labour Party leader and Prime Minister Norman Kirk replaced the [2] assimilation policy of the National Party with multi-culturalism. In 1975, Whina Cooper led a group around 5000 Maori and Pakeha protesters and walked a length around 640 km from the far north of the North Island to Wellington to protest against Maori land loss. After six months of extensive planning, on 14th September 1975, 80-year-old Whina Cooper led around 50 Marchers, leaving Te Hapua on their journey to Wellington. The march was to cover 700 miles in 30 days and marchers would stop overnight at 25 different maraes. Whina Cooper was a respected Maori elder and people saw her as an extraordinary leader, there were marchers of all ages who were willing to participate. Most marchers, including Cooper, travelled by car while a group of around 50 members walked the whole way. There were buses to take the old and injured but the group kept together which made them closer. The march also brought more Maoris together as they share the same struggles and had [3] something in common to fight for. The land march was also an opportunity for Maori to engage in their traditions such as the haka and singing tradition songs. There was strict discipline and etiquette; alcohol was also banned. The physical hardships of marchers were [4] seen as the emotional and spiritual hardships Maori had to go through. Before they started marching every morning Whina Cooper would brief everyone about the purpose and significance of the march. They marched through the cities chanting "Not one more acre of Maori land while carrying flags and banners.” More and more marchers joined the Hikoi as it passed through their home towns. Matakite got support on their march from not only other Maoris but also from Pakeha, locals, (both Maori and Pakeha) would join the march for moral support, it slowly became bigger and stronger. The protest quickly gained a lot of interest from the media. On 23rd September 1975, the marchers came to Auckland. By the [5] time the 5000 marchers finally arrived in Wellington, around 600,000 people, including 200 Maori elders have signed the memorial of rights. This was presented to Prime Minister Bill Rowling who addressed the marchers with National leader Robert Muldoon when they reached Parliament and agreed that they would consider the petition. After the marchers arrived in Parliament, around 50 marchers refused to leave at the end of march, they made a tent embassy, on parliament grounds and would not leave until their demands were met. This action made other marchers and Whina Cooper outraged. Whina Cooper wanted Matakite to wait patiently and peacefully for a response to the petition and was worried that a split would reduce the chances of achieving the campaign's demands. In November 1975, the National Party won the election while the tent embassy was still resisting. On Christmas Eve, while most people were on holiday, Robert Muldoon who was [6] now Prime Minister had the protestors arrested. He claimed that he had Cooper's support. This caused the movement to split, some supported Whina Cooper while others debated that she "sold out" the tent embassy. The split led to the government thinking that the protest was not passionate enough and did not feel the pressure to act upon Matakite's demands. However, the land march also had a positive outcome. According to Michael King it was the first time that the media really showed Maori as individuals. Over the long run, the protest did have an effect. It contributed to the establishment of the Treaty of Waitangi Tribunal under [7] the Treaty of Waitangi Act; the Treaty was investigated to attempt to put right to injustice of Maori and Pakeha. in 1997 the Government apologised to the Ngai Tahu tribe in the South Island unfairly, the government paid them a compensation of also $170 million and gave them 930 hectares of land including parts of the West Coast greenstone source, and in 1996 the government test ran a special Maori television channel and in 2004 the nationwide Maori Television Channel was launched. The Land March in 1975 was significant to New Zealand because it reflected that our country cared about our spiritual values. The protest contributed to the cause of other movements such as the occupation of Bastion Point in 1978. The event was a contrast to the war generation that was conservative. During the war generation people would not even consider protesting and it was seen as wrong if someone wanted change. After the 1950s the younger generation all over the world began fighting for justice for all kinds of issues and [8] around 45% of the Maori population was under 15 years old. The Land March showed that Maori were finally able to stand up for themselves, it gave Maori a voice and made the public become aware of the injustice of their land loss and how it has affected them. This also showed that the Maori culture must be preserved as it has also helped shape New Zealand identity and society. Many people all over the globe were fighting for peace and equality, the land march reflected the trend of fighting for justice, equality and peace between two races. There was finally a chance for people to take action and do something about the social problems. Exemplar for internal assessment resource History for Achievement Standard 91002 Grade Boundary: High Merit For Merit, the student needs to demonstrate in-depth understanding of an historical 2. event, or place, of significance to New Zealanders. This involves including a thorough understanding and use of important supporting evidence. In this student’s evidence about the 1981 Springbok tour of New Zealand, in-depth understanding is demonstrated through an account that includes the main issues that need to be discussed, e.g. the background behind apartheid, divided national views about playing rugby against South Africa and an overview of what happened in New Zealand when the tour took place. The description is well-written and logical. The student’s use of broad supporting evidence becomes important supporting evidence in several places (2) (4) (6). To reach Excellence the student could have provided: • more detail about apartheid in practice (1), since that was the root cause of the whole protest • more comprehensive supporting evidence in the description of what happened around the country during the tour (3) • further discussion of the government’s role, including the Gleneagles Agreement, and the involvement and roles of HART, CARE, NAAC (5). © NZQA 2014 Student 2: High Merit 1981 Springbok Tour Introduction New Zealand in the 1980s The 1980s was a time of many international developments. This era was significant to New Zealand gaining its own independence and freedom of speech rather than conforming to the motherland that is Britain. An example of a protest in 1980s New Zealand that shook the nation was the Anti-springbok tour protests, which began in 1981. The Springbok Protests were the first protests in New Zealand where New Zealand was totally divided into two groups. In fact, New Zealand was dangerously close to civil war, a terrifying prospect for any country.