INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART www.stratigraphy.org International Commission on Stratigraphy v 2018/08 numerical numerical numerical Eonothem numerical Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age GSSP GSSP GSSP GSSP EonothemErathem / Eon System / Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / Eon System/ Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / Eon System/ Era / Period age (Ma) / Eon Erathem / Era System / Period GSSA age (Ma) present ~ 145.0 358.9 ± 0.4 541.0 ±1.0 U/L Meghalayan 0.0042 Holocene M Northgrippian 0.0082 Tithonian Ediacaran L/E Greenlandian 152.1 ±0.9 ~ 635 Upper 0.0117 Famennian Neo- 0.126 Upper Kimmeridgian Cryogenian Middle 157.3 ±1.0 Upper proterozoic ~ 720 Pleistocene 0.781 372.2 ±1.6 Calabrian Oxfordian Tonian 1.80 163.5 ±1.0 Frasnian Callovian 1000 Quaternary Gelasian 166.1 ±1.2 2.58 Bathonian 382.7 ±1.6 Stenian Middle 168.3 ±1.3 Piacenzian Bajocian 170.3 ±1.4 Givetian 1200 Pliocene 3.600 Middle 387.7 ±0.8 Meso- Zanclean Aalenian proterozoic Ectasian 5.333 174.1 ±1.0 Eifelian 1400 Messinian Jurassic 393.3 ±1.2 7.246 Toarcian Devonian Calymmian Tortonian 182.7 ±0.7 Emsian 1600 11.63 Pliensbachian Statherian Lower 407.6 ±2.6 Serravallian 13.82 190.8 ±1.0 Lower 1800 Miocene Pragian 410.8 ±2.8 Proterozoic Neogene Sinemurian Langhian 15.97 Orosirian 199.3 ±0.3 Lochkovian Paleo- 2050 Burdigalian Hettangian 201.3 ±0.2 419.2 ±3.2 proterozoic 20.44 Mesozoic Rhaetian Pridoli Rhyacian Aquitanian 423.0 ±2.3 23.03 ~ 208.5 Ludfordian 2300 Cenozoic Chattian Ludlow 425.6 ±0.9 Siderian 27.82 Gorstian Upper Norian 427.4 ±0.5 2500 Oligocene Precambrian Rupelian Wenlock Homerian 430.5 ±0.7 Neo- 33.9 ~ 227 Sheinwoodian 433.4 ±0.8 archean Priabonian Carnian Silurian Telychian 2800 37.8 riassic ~ 237 Llandovery 438.5 ±1.1 Meso- Bartonian T 41.2 Ladinian Aeronian 440.8 ±1.2 archean Eocene Middle ~ 242 Rhuddanian Lutetian Anisian 443.8 ±1.5 3200 47.8 247.2 Hirnantian 445.2 ±1.4 Paleo- Olenekian Archean Ypresian Lower 251.2 archean Paleogene Induan 251.902 ±0.024 Upper Katian 56.0 Changhsingian 453.0 ±0.7 3600 Thanetian 254.14 ±0.07 59.2 Lopingian Sandbian Eo- Wuchiapingian Paleozoic Paleocene Selandian 259.1 ±0.5 458.4 ±0.9 Phanerozoic 61.6 Phanerozoic Phanerozoic archean Capitanian Darriwilian 4000 Danian 265.1 ±0.4 Middle 66.0 467.3 ±1.1 Guadalupian Wordian Dapingian Hadean Maastrichtian 268.8 ±0.5 470.0 ±1.4 Ordovician ~ 4600 72.1 ±0.2 Roadian 272.95 ±0.11 Floian Campanian Lower 477.7 ±1.4 Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global Boundary Kungurian Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower boundaries, Permian 283.5 ±0.6 83.6 ±0.2 Tremadocian including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long defined by Global 485.4 ±1.9 Upper Santonian 86.3 ±0.5 Artinskian Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Charts and detailed information Cisuralian 290.1 ±0.26 Stage 10 on ratified GSSPs are available at the website Coniacian ~ 489.5 89.8 ±0.3 Sakmarian http://www.stratigraphy.org. The URL to this chart is found below. 293.52 ±0.17 Furongian Jiangshanian Turonian Asselian ~ 494 Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in the 93.9 298.9 ±0.15 Paibian ~ 497 Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries in Cenomanian Gzhelian Guzhangian the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained numerical Upper 303.7 ±0.1 ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided. 100.5 Kasimovian ~ 500.5 Paleozoic 307.0 ±0.1 aceous Miaolingian Drumian Ratified Subseries/Subepochs are abbreviated as U/L (Upper/Late), t Albian Middle Moscovian ~ 504.5 M (Middle) and L/E (Lower/Early). Numerical ages for all systems 315.2 ±0.2 Wuliuan except Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian Mesozoic ~ 113.0 Cre ~ 509 and Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by Lower Bashkirian Gradstein et al. (2012), those for the Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Aptian Pennsylvanian Stage 4 323.2 ±0.4 ~ 125.0 Series 2 ~ 514 Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian and Precambrian were provided by the Upper Serpukhovian Cambrian Stage 3 relevant ICS subcommissions. Barremian 330.9 ±0.2 ~ 129.4 ~ 521 Colouring follows the Commission for the Lower Geological Map of the World (http://www.ccgm.org) Hauterivian Middle Visean Stage 2 ~ 132.9 Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, D.A.T. Harper, P.L. Gibbard, J.-X. Fan Valanginian Carboniferous 346.7 ±0.4 Terreneuvian ~ 529 (c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, August 2018 ~ 139.8 Fortunian To cite: Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated) Mississippian Lower Tournaisian Berriasian The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204. ~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0 URL: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08.pdf.