Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety 2006 Edition Published by the California Seismic Safety Commission State of California Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor SSC No. 06-02 This 2006 Edition of the Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety replaces the 1998 Edition on October 1, 2006. Publishing Information The Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety was developed and published by the California Seismic Safety Commission. It was distributed under the provisions of the Library Distribution Act and Government Code Section 11096. Copyrighted 2006 by the California Seismic Safety Commission All rights reserved Legislation This guide has been developed and adopted by the California Seismic Safety Commission as required by the Business and Professions Code Section 10147. Ordering Information Copies of this booklet are available from the California Seismic Safety Commission, 1755 Creekside Oaks Drive, Suite 100, Sacramento, CA 95833. To order call (916) 263-5506 or download via our website at http://www.seismic.ca.gov/sscpub.htm On the Cover: The roof of this department store was not well connected to its walls and partially collapsed in Yucca Valley during the 1992 Landers Earthquake. ii The Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety CONTENTS Page Page INTRODUCTION ..................................................1 OTHER EARTHQUAKE-RELATED Your Commercial Property and the Law ..............2 CONCERNS ........................................... 26 Recommendations ...............................................3 Unbraced Building Contents ........................ 26 Summary of Major California Laws ......................4 Unattached Equipment ................................ 28 Property Tax and Insurance .................................5 Unbraced Ceiling Systems .......................... 30 Examples of Damage to Commercial Property ....6 Large Windows ........................................... 31 Ceiling-Mounted Items ................................. 32 EARTHQUAKE MAPS OF CALIFORNIA ............7 Partitions ...................................................... 33 Building Contents ......................................... 34 Damaging Earthquakes Map ...............................7 Checklist for Building Contents .................... 35 Major Earthquake Fault Map ................................8 Simplified Earthquake Shaking Map ....................9 NATURAL GAS SAFETY ............................... 36 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES .............................10 GETTING THE WORK DONE ........................ 38 EARTHQUAKE WEAKNESSES......................11 Unbraced Water Heaters ...................................12 Walls Poorly Anchored to Floors or Roofs ......... 14 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS .................................. 40 Unreinforced Masonry Walls and Parapets .......16 Poorly Reinforced Concrete Walls and Columns18 WHAT TO DO Steel Frame Buildings ........................................ 20 DURING EARTHQUAKES OR TSUNAMIS 43 Soft Story Multi-Unit Residential Buildings ......... 22 BEFORE EARTHQUAKES........................... 44 Other Unusual and Irregular Building Types ......23 AFTER EARTHQUAKES........................... 46 Other Vulnerable Features ................................. 24 Poorly Anchored Exterior Cladding ....................25 RESOURCE ORGANIZATIONS ..................... 48 COMMERCIAL PROPERTY EARTHQUAKE DISCLOSURE REPORT................................. 51 SAMPLE TAX EXCLUSION FORM................ 53 The Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Seismic Safety Commission The Commission gratefully acknowledges Lawrence T. Klein, Chair,Utilities the assistance of the following public and Hon. Richard Alarcon, State Senate private entities for information, expertise and images: (Saeed Ali, Alternate) Hon. Carol Liu, State Assembly Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) (Donald Manning, Alternate) California Association of Realtors (CAR) Mark Church, Local Government California Building Officials (CALBO) Lucille M. Jones, Ph.D., Seismology California Council of the American Institute of Architects (CC-AIA) Celestine Palmer, Insurance California Geological Survey (CGS) Gary McGavin, Architecture and Planning California Department of Insurance (CDI) Daniel Shapiro, S.E., Structural Engineering California Department of Real Estate (CDRE) Bruce R. Clark, Ph.D., Geology California Office of Emergency Services (OES) Keith Wheeler, Emergency Services Collaborative for Disaster Mitigation (CDM) Jeff Sedivec, Fire Protection Committee on Earthquake Safety Issues for Gas Dennis Mileti, Social Services Systems Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Arul Arulmoli, Soils Engineering Humboldt Earthquake Education Center James Wattenburger, County Government National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Andrew Adelman, Cities/Building Official Vacant, City Gcvernment Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Vacant, Mechanical Engineering Sempra Gas Company United States Geological Survey (USGS) Seismic Safety Commission Staff Richard McCarthy, Executive Director Robert Anderson Sue Celli Karen Cogan Veronica Ramirez Henry Reyes Henry Sepulveda Fred Turner, Project Coordinator Disclaimer: The effects, descriptions, recommendations, and suggestions included in this document are intended to improve earthquake preparedness; however, they do not guarantee the safety of an individual or a structure. The Seismic Safety Commission takes responsibility for the inclusion of material in this document. The State of California, the Seismic Safety Commission, and all contributors to this document do not assume liability for any injury, death, property damage, loss of revenue, or any other effect of an earthquake. iv The Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety INTRODUCTION Earthquakes, especially major ones, are This Booklet is designed to assist you in filling out dangerous, inevitable, and a fact of life in California. the Commercial Property Earthquake Disclosure Sooner or later another “big one” will occur. Report (See page 51) when you sell your property. Earthquakes: This booklet is also a good primer to begin strengthening your building against earthquake Occur without warning damage. Can be deadly and extremely destructive It describes: Can occur at any time Common weaknesses that can result in your As a current or potential owner of a commercial building being damaged by earthquakes, and property, you should be very concerned about the potential danger to not only yourselves and others, Steps you can take to correct these weaknesses. but also to your property, its contents and functions. The major threats posed by earthquakes are bodily injuries and property damage, which can be There are no guarantees of safety during considerable and even catastrophic. earthquakes, but properly constructed and strengthened commercial buildings are far less Most of the property damage caused by likely to collapse or be damaged during earthquakes ends up being handled and paid for by earthquakes. The California Seismic Safety building owners. Commission advises you to act on the suggestions Earthquakes have caused over $58 billion (in outlined in this booklet to make you and your 2000 dollars) in direct property losses in property safer. California since 1971. Large earthquakes in or near major urban centers in California will disrupt the local economy and can disrupt the economy of the entire State. However, proper earthquake preparation of your building can: Save lives Reduce injuries Reduce property damage Avoid prolonged disruptions of functions As a commercial property owner, you can significantly reduce damage to your building by fixing a number of known and common weaknesses. The Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety 1 Your Commercial Property and the Law California State Law requires sellers California State Law does not require of commercial property built before the seller to: 1975 that have precast (tiltup) Hire someone to evaluate a commercial concrete or reinforced masonry property. walls and wood-frame floors or roofs Disclose specific earthquake weaknesses to: of a commercial property. Deliver to the buyer, “as soon as Strengthen a building before selling it. practicable before the transfer,” a copy of This Booklet: The Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety. (Government Code, Describes the most common weaknesses Section 8893.2) that can cause damage to commercial property in the event of an earthquake. Enables the seller to meet the State Law requiring this booklet be given to buyers of commercial property. Enables sellers to voluntarily disclose to buyers the typical earthquake weaknesses in commercial property. Provides owners with basic information about finding and fixing earthquake-related weaknesses. Provides general information about earthquake risks and directions for finding more information on earthquake safety. 2 The Commercial Property Owner’s Guide to Earthquake Safety Recommendations... If You Are Selling If You Are Buying Before you sell your commercial property, the following steps are recommended: Before you agree to buy commercial property, consider the following recommendations: If you list your property for sale through a real estate broker or agent, you are Have a certified licensed building contrac- encouraged, but not required, to give the tor, architect, civil or structural engineer agent the completed disclosure report (See inspect