Protea acuminata Sims Blackrim Sugarbush Sederbergroos Other Common Names: Cedarberg Sugarbush, Age to first flowering: First flowers recorded Cedarberg-rose Protea, Angelprotea, at 1 years, 50% estimated at 3-4 years, and Bergrosie, Bierbos. 100% recorded consistently at 9 years. Other Scientific Names: cedromontana Schltr. 1 g in 505 Records er w Population (497 records): 0.4% Abundant, 0.5 18% Common, 60% Frequent, 21% Rare, s flo 1% Extinct. % Site Dispersion (445 records): 64% variable, 0 0123456789101112 31% clumped, 3% widespread, 2% evenly Age (Years after fire) distributed. Height (489 records): 7% 0-0.2 m tall, Flowering (488 records with: Jan 21, Feb 54, 70% 0.2-1 m tall, 22% 1-2 m tall. Mar 87, Apr 23, May 24, Jun 40, Jul 3, Aug Pollinators (6 records): 67% bees or wasps, 34, Sep 33, Oct 81, Nov 66, Dec 22): Buds 17% birds, 17% beetles. from Feb to May and Sep; Flowering from Detailed Pollinators (3 records): Honey Bee. Jun to Aug; Peak Flowering not significant; Over from Jul and Dec; Fruit from Sep to Habitat: Feb; Nothing from Mar to Apr. Peak levels Distance to Ocean (495 records): 100% inland at 83% in Jun. Historically recorded as 2320 - further than 2 km from Altitude (m) flowering from Jun to Sep, peaking Jul to coast. 2120 Aug. Altitude (495 records): 60 - 1920 1660 m; 760 lq - 960 med - 1720 1140 uqm. 1520 1320 Landform (488 records): 1120 72% deep soil, 920 22% shallow soil, 6% rocky 620 outcrops. 420 Slope (492 records): 220 56% gentle incline, 20 25% steep incline, 0 0.05 0.1 11% platform, 5% hill top, 2% valley JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN bottom. Aspect (426 records): Growth (473 records with: Jan 21, Feb 54, Mar 36% East, 33% South, 87, Apr 22, May 18, Jun 40, Jul 3, Aug 32, NW N Sep 32, Oct 81, Nov 61, Dec 22): Much from 18% West, W NE Sep to Dec; Rare from Nov; None from all 13% North. year round. Peak levels at 74% in Nov. SW Soil Type (488 E records): 57% sandy, S 17% gravelly, SE 17% loamy, 6% rocky, 3% clayey. Soil Colour (485 records): 45% brown, 34% grey, 7% yellow, 6% orange, 5% white, 2% red. Geology (481 records): 73% sandstone, 21% shale, 5% silcrete or ferricrete. Vegetation (493 records): 98% shrubland. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN Conservation Status and Threat: Red Data List Status: Least Concern. Seedlings (178 records): Absent in 85%: fewer Occurrence (Fynbos): 7 755 km2 with 18% seedlings than prefire adults in 7 cases, and conserved and 16% lost; Occupancy: more in 6 cases. Seedlings found in Jan, Mar 473 km2 with 30% conserved and 4% lost. (9), Oct (2) and Dec. Fragmentation index: 5%. Fire Survival (38 records): 82% survived by Nature Reserves (495 records): 40% in nature seedlings only, 11% escaped fires in fire-safe reserves. areas, 5% resprouted from underground Habitat destruction (485 records): boles, 3% eliminated from the area by fires. 91% extensive natural habitat, 5% islands, 2% naturally linear habitats, 1% naturally fragmented habitats. Alien Invasive Species (466 records): 15-25% of plants are recently dead perhaps due 62% none, 26% Hakea, 9% Pinus, to root fungus Phytophthora 2% Myrtaceae. (NAH98041901); Alien Density (463 records): 63% alien-free, Previous 7 plants could not be found: 5 new 28% sparse, 8% abundant, 1% dense. found on solid rock slab with very little soil about 300mm high. Will probably not Cultivation & Utilization: survive - because of drought Picking (318 records): 99% no sign of picking, (CWR99051101); 0.6% lightly picked. The farmer of Meulsteenvlei Mr Brauer knows Cultivation Status: Plantings - 4 records of patches on his farm but thinks many have (0.8%). died on account of previous drought. We Witch's Broom Infestation: 5 records (1.0%). looked at one - this plot and found none - he will notify the office if he finds the others Atlassers Notes: (WIJ93082903); Height Population 2m high (JAG95090301); About 25 plants found confined to this locality Variation only (EAH99010301); Clumps of only just Plant had only green flowerheads as opposed to more than 10 (JAT95042002); 40 plants – the usual red (NGF98062805); clump (WEPY0091501); Flowering Clumped along road (AWA96100905); One seed head present flowered already during Only in 1 small clump lower down path - third season after fire (cf Rourke: 5years) mostly above Welbedacht Cave (EAH97123101); (JAT92080103); No flowering - 4-5yrs after fire Only patch ever found on Swartberg (Olifants (WMP93103001); River Mtn) in 20 years of walking Plants no more than 0.4m high: only one with 8 (EAH98093001); flowerheads, another seven with none or at 2 local farmers say this is the only place in the most one head (EAHY0092503); area where acuminata is known to grow Profusely covered with flowers - lots and lots (WIJ94102507); (WIJ94041308); Pollination Stress Visited by ants (AGR96101403); Plants are half dead, but much new growth from Harvesting buds in stems that had dropped leaves Picked by the farmer (NSC95083013); (AGRY0112616); Several plants dying of drought Confusing Species: When not in flower very (WIJ94041308); easily mistaken for P. repens, but leaves Recruitment usually narrower when co-occurring. Many young plants around dead plants Mistaken for P. witzenbergiana (erect form) (AWAY0101407); Survived relatively well: and P. nana, but both of these have 18 live plants versus only four skeletons pendulous heads, and lack the characteristic (EAH99092501); black rim to the involucral bracts. Parent seedling ratio is 10:1 (AGRY5122907); Records of identification queries = 15. Some dead, but no young plants Records of corrected identification queries = 2. (AWAY1032303); Some old bushes survived fire (JAT94111902); Variation and Taxonomy: The most robust Looks as if species recovers from fire forms are found in the northern arid areas. (JAT94111906); Resprout from low down on No other variation noted. trunk - growing at roadside (WIJ94102507); Has the same growth habit as P. repens Distribution: Add. (NGF96082409); INCLUDEPICTURE Mortality Dead because of drought (CWR99051101); One "C:\\temp\\atlas\\PRACUM_m.jpg" \* skeleton only (AGR96082105, MERGEFORMAT \d AGRY1032311); More than half plants seen were dead (AGR92082907); 1/3 of plants dead (AGRY1022504); Protea canaliculata Andrews Groove-leaf Sugarbush Bergroossuikerbos Other Common Names: Mountain-rose Age to first flowering: First flowers recorded Sugarbush, Paeony-flower Erodendrum, at 1 years, 50% estimated at 3-5 years, and Swartberg-rose Protea, Bergroos, 100% estimated at 11 years. Swartbergroos. 1 Other Scientific Names: harmeri Phill, ing paeoniflorum (Salisb. ex Knight) 1809. er ow 0.5 l s f 760 Records e Population (753 records): 26% Common, 60% Frequent, 14% Rare, 0.3% Extinct. % Sit 0 Dispersion (691 records): 76% variable, 0123456789101112 18% clumped, 4% widespread, 2% evenly Age (Years after fire) distributed. Flowering (744 records with: Jan 26, Feb 144, Height (744 records): 2% 0-0.2 m tall, Mar 76, Apr 80, May 28, Jun 91, Jul 12, Aug 68% 0.2-1 m tall, 29% 1-2 m tall, 0.3% 2-5 55, Sep 29, Oct 128, Nov 31, Dec 44): Buds m tall. from Apr; Flowering from Apr to Jun; Peak Pollinators (11 records): 45% bees or wasps, Flowering not significant; Over from Jun to 36% birds, 9% mammals, 9% flies. Aug; Fruit from Jul to Mar; Nothing not Detailed Pollinators (6 records): Honey Bee significant. Peak levels at 86% from Apr to (3), Cape Sugarbird (2), Orange-breasted Jun. Historically recorded as flowering from Sunbird. Mar to Jun, with a May peak. Habitat: 2320 Distance to Ocean (755 Altitude (m) records): 100% inland - 2120 further than 2 km from 1920 coast. 1720 Altitude (755 records): 640 - 1520 1700 m; 1240 lq - 1360 med - 1320 1120 1420 uqm. 920 620 Landform (749 records): 420 63% shallow soil, 32% deep 220 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN soil, 5% rocky outcrops. 20 Slope (753 records): 42% steep 0 0.05 0.1 Growth (729 records with: Jan 25, Feb 144, incline, 40% gentle incline, 12% hill top, Mar 75, Apr 79, May 28, Jun 90, Jul 11, Aug 4% platform, 2% cliff. 55, Sep 27, Oct 124, Nov 28, Dec 43): Much Aspect (661 records): 58% South, 20% North, from Dec to Feb, May and Jul; Rare from 13% East, 9% West. Nov to Jan; None from Feb to Nov. Peak levels at 100% in Jan. Soil Type (746 records): N NW NE 35% sandy, W 27% loamy, SW E 22% rocky, 14% gravelly. SE Soil Colour (745 records): 46% brown, S 40% grey, 7% orange, 3% yellow, 2% white, 1% black, 1% red. Geology (697 records): 93% sandstone, JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN 7% shale. Vegetation (752 records): 99% shrubland. Seedlings (238 records): Absent in 97%: fewer Conservation Status and Threat: seedlings than prefire adults in 3 cases, and Red Data List Status: Least Concern. more in 1 case. Seedlings found in Jan, Jul Occurrence (Fynbos): 3 375 km2 with 33% (2) and Nov. conserved and 2% lost; Occupancy: 639 km2 Fire Survival (19 records): 42% survived by with 29% conserved and 1% lost. seedlings only, 37% eliminated from the area Fragmentation index: 8%. by fires, 21% escaped fires in fire-safe areas. Nature Reserves (755 records): 32% in nature reserves. Habitat destruction (742 records): seedlings or young David Osborne says fire 97% extensive natural habitat, 2% naturally was over 1 year ago! Gone? linear habitats. (AGR97042703); Lots more skeletons Alien Invasive Species (734 records): suggest that this plant was more common 95% none, 4% Pinus.