JAi^ E F! N E T: ALAN KOTOK & DAVID R.R. WEBBER www.newriders.cirm 201 West 103rd Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46290 ~ — An Imprint of Pearson Education . Boston • Indianapolis • London • Munich • New York • San Francisco vi ebXML: The New Global Standard for Doing Business over the Internet Table of Contents PART I Executive Overview of ebXML 1 There's No Business Like E-Business 3 In Case You Hadn't Noticed, Doing Business Is Different Now 6 Business Isn't So Simple Anymore 11 From Just-in-Case to Just-in-Time Inventories 16 Investors Want to See Your Internet Strategy 22 Higher Volumes, Larger Scale, Bigger Numbers 23 Can Your Company's Systems Keep Pace? 26 Direct to Consumer 28 Disintermediation 28 Business to Business 29 Distributors 29 References and Affiliates 29 Muki-Vendor Malls 30 Standardizing Information Systems 30 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): E-Business as We (Used to) Know It 31 Aim to Improve the Business Process 40 Sweat the Details 40 Aim for Interoperability 40 Link to Other Technologies 41 Endnotes 42 2 ebXML in a Nutshell 47 Vision and Scope 47 Software Processes, Puzzles, and Pyramids 49 ebXML Process Flow ,• 53 A Look at the ebXML Technical Architecture 55 Business Processes and Objects 57 Core Components 58 Trading Partner Profiles and Agreements 62 Registries and Repositories 64 Messaging Functions 68 Messaging Specifications 69 ebXML Message Package 69 Reliable Message Flow 11 Getting Started with ebXML 71 Endnotes 74 Table of Contents vii 3 ebXML at Work 77 Case 1: Go-Go Travel, in Search of a New Business Model—and Survival 77 Case 2: Marathoner, a Runners' Store That Goes the Distance on Inventory Control 85 Case 3: World Beat, a Direct-Mail Catalog Company Using the Web to Compete with the Web 89 Of Standards and Things 92 What's Next? 94 Conclusions About ebXML at Work 96 Endnotes 99 Part II ebXML Background and Details 101 4 The Promise of XML 103 What Is XML? 103 Markup: Seeing Is Believing 104 XML, Where Past Is Prologue 107 XML Validation and Parsing 111 XML's Global Reach and Accessibility 114 XML Works with Non-English Character Sets 114 XML Works with Java 115 XML Works with Style Sheets 116 Building XML Messages from Processes to Data 118 Determine Processes 120 Determine Message Flows 120 Identify Data in the Messages 121 Business Schema DTDs 122 The Entity Referencing System 123 Example of Building a Data Model and XML Equivalent 124 XML Schema 130 Other Details 131 Is XML Ready for Business? 132 Endnotes 133 5 The Road Toward ebXML 137 The XML/edi Group 138 EDI: Still Important After All These Years 142 Basic Message Structure 142 Interchangeable Components 143 Business Semantics 144 viii ebXML: The New Global Standard for Doing Business over the Internet Business Procedures 144 Ground Rules Established in Advance 145 Unique Identification 145 Transmit Variable Data 146 Functional Acknowledgment 141 Describing Business Processes with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) 148 Object Technology and Business Processes 149 Architectural Views 150 Use Cases 152 UML and UN/EDIFACT 156 RosettaNet: XML for the Supply Chain, with an Emphasis on Business Process 157 Cluster 1: Partner, Product, and Service Review 158 Cluster 2: Product Information 158 Cluster 3: Order Management 159 Cluster 4: Inventory Management 159 Cluster 5: Marketing Information o J Management 159 Cluster 6: Service and Support 160 Cluster 1: Manufacturing 160 RosettaNet Implementation Framework 160 RosettaNet Dictionaries 162 ebXML Founding Organizations and Process 163 Endnotes 166 6 Business Requirements for ebXML 171 Basic Goals and Scope 172 Role of XML 172 Open Technical Framework 173 Consistency and Uniformity 173 Electronic Business Data 173 Application-to-Application, Application-to-Human, and Human-to-Application Environments 174 Creating a Single Global Market 174 General Principles and Business Requirements 175 Interoperability 178 Architecture 178 Messaging 180 Extensibility 181 Taking Advantage of Existing Technology 181 Legal and Security Requirements 182 Table of Contents ix Digital Signatures 185 Legal Requirements 186 Accommodating the Human Element 186 Globalization 187 Openness 190 From Requirements to Specifications 191 Endnotes 192 7 ebXML and Similar Web Services Specifications 195 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 195 SOAP Messages 197 SOAP Coding 199 Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) 201 UDDI Information Types 203 Programmer s API 204 Web Services Description Language 205 WSDL Elements 206 BizTalk 207 BizTalk Framework 208 Logical Layering 209 BizTalk Document Header 209 BizTalk Document Body 212 Reliable Delivery of BizTalk Messages 212 Securing BizTalk Messages 213 BizTalk. Org Repository 213 • Endnotes 215 ;, 8 ebXML Technical Architecture 219 ! Business Process Soecifications 220 Modeling Requirements and Analyzing Processes , 222 Design Tools for Business Messages and Services 225 Putting It All Together in a Metamodel 228 Functional Service View ' 231 Registries and Repositories 232 Registry Functions and Locations 233 Registry Technical Architecture 234 Registry Interfaces 235 Submitting and Managing Objects in a Registry 235 Searching and Retrieving Registry Entries 238 Retrieving Registry and Repository Content 240 ebXML: The New Global Standard for Doing Business over the Internet Registry Security 240 Trading Partner Profiles and Agreements 242 Background and Definitions 242 Overview of CPP and CPA Interactions 243 Collaboration Protocol Profiles 246 CollaborationRole 249 Collaboration Protocol Agreements 251 Message Services 252 Message Package 254 ebXML Message Headers 256 MessageHeader 256 TraceHeaderList Element 258 Via Element 258 ErrorList Element 259 Signature Element 260 Manifest Element 260 StatusResponse Element 261 DeliveryReceipt Element 261 Message Handling Services 262 Reliable Messaging 263 Security 265 Core Components 266 Starting a Company's ebXML Operations 270 Implementation Phase 270 Discovery and Retrieval Phase 272 Runtime Phase 272 Endnotes 274 9 Moving from Theory to Practice 281 Of Catalogs and Suppliers 282 Uncle Sam Likes Small Businesses 284 How Does the CatXML Approach Relate to ebXML? ' 285 And Now for the XML in CatXML 286 Columbus, Registries, and Helping Discover the World . 290 Deployment Considerations and Benefits 291 Delivering on the ebXML Promise 293 Table of Contents xi Part III Learning More About ebXML 295 A Acronyms 297 Acronyms Used in This Book 297 XML and E-Business Acronyms 300 B References 305 ebXML Technical Specifications 305 ebXML Technical Reports and Reference Materials 306 Reference Materials 306 Technical Reports 306 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Documents 307 Recommendations 307 Proposed and Candidate Recommendations 308 Notes 308 EDI Standards 309 Books 309 Articles 310 The Economist 310 Scientific American 310 Web Sites 310 ebXML 310 XML Cover Pages 311 XML.com 311 XML.org 311 United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) 311 Data Interchange Standards Association (DISA) 311 XML/edi Group 312 UML Resource Page, Object Management Group 312 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) 312 Index 313.